内向型开放式创新与突破性创新绩效--网络位置的调节效应

Inbound Open Innovation and Radical Innovation Performance--Moderating Effect of Network Position

内向型开放式创新对于企业创新过程和创新产出的积极作用已经得到理论界和企业界的广泛认同,但在内向型开放式创新对企业突破性创新绩效作用的理解上仍存在争议。一部分学者认为内向型开放式创新带来的多元化知识和创新资源能够更好地激发突破性创新,另一部分学者认为内向型开放式创新引发的成本增加和研发不聚焦等问题反而会抑制突破性创新。因而,需要进一步明晰内向型开放式创新与突破性创新绩效之间的关系。基于网络嵌入性视角,探讨内向型开放式创新对突破性创新绩效的影响,并考察网络位置的调节效应。选取3D打印、增强现实和虚拟现实、混合动力汽车、无人机4个典型的新兴产业作为研究对象,以其在2005年至2017年主要企业专利权人之间的专利引用数据为研究样本,应用专利网络分析和层次回归分析方法,对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,内向型开放式创新的开放广度和开放深度均正向影响突破性创新绩效;网络位置的中心性负向调节开放广度对突破性创新绩效的影响,网络位置的连通性正向调节内向型开放式创新对突破性创新绩效的影响;产业技术特征显著影响突破性创新绩效。此外,企业通过实施内向型开放式创新提升突破性创新绩效还应综合考虑产业技术发展水平和产业创新网络特征。研究结果深化了内向型开放式创新对突破性创新绩效作用的理解,从网络嵌入性视角拓展了对内向型开放式创新的理论研究,为新兴产业中的企业实施定位于突破性创新的内向型开放式创新战略提供了理论指导和实践指南。

Currently,most researchers have reached a consensus that the positive influence of open innovation on firms’innovation outcomes and results.However,there are still different understandings of the relationship between inbound open innovation and radical innovation performance.Some scholars insist that inbound open innovation provides firms with more diversified knowledge and innovation resources,thus facilitating the occurrence of radical innovation.Other researchers emphasize how the downsides of inbound open innovation,such as cost increases,difficulties in absorbing heterogeneous knowledge and technologies,and the disadvantages of R&D decentralization,inhibit firms’radical innovation.Therefore,it is necessary to further tease investigate the relationship between inbound open innovation and radical innovation performance.Based on the network embeddedness,this study explored the impact of inbound open innovation on firms’radical innovation performance and the moderating role of network position.We conducted patent network analysis and hierarchical regression analysis with patent data of main enterprises in the field of four emerging industries,including 3 D-printing,Augmented Reality&Virtual Reality,Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,during 2005-2017.We found that:The results are shown as follows Breadth and depth of openness directly affects firms’radical innovation performance;Two dimensions of network position,network centrality and network reach,indirectly affect firms’radical innovation performance through moderating the relationship between openness and their radical innovation performance;Technical characteristics of industries directly affect firms’radical innovation performance.It is necessary for firms to take industrial technology development level and industrial innovation network characteristics into consideration when implementing inbound open innovation.The results reveal the important influence of inbound open innovation on radical innovation performance and deepen the understanding of inbound open innovation;It also identifies the moderating effect of network position on the relationship between inbound open innovation and radical innovation performance,and expands the theoretical research on inbound open innovation from the perspective of network embeddedness.Meanwhile,it provides theoretical guidance for firms in emerging industries to implement efficient inbound open innovation strategy.