组织即兴诱发机制:基于舞台创意过程的研究

Organization Improvisation Inducing Mechanism:Based on Stage Creative Process

组织即兴作为组织研究领域一个新兴的研究方向,已经在工业发展、组织学习、快速反应、变革和创新等领域展开讨论。然而,由于缺少以观察为依据的对组织即兴本质特征、诱发条件和发生情景的深入理解,组织即兴的研究理论并未形成系统。基于多案例研究和经典扎根理论方法,按照理论抽样的原则,选取第24届大学生冬运会开幕式创意团队、2008年北京奥运会开幕式创意团队和某电视台综艺节目创意团队作为即兴行为研究的目标案例,通过深入访谈获得一手数据资料,基于视频资料和二手文档资料等进行二手数据收集。在数据分析过程中通过跨案例比较和经典扎根理论方法,对数据进行译码分析,并通过开放性译码、主轴译码和选择性译码,获得194个概念、73个范畴、13个范畴关系和3个核心范畴。通过构建组织即兴行为诱发过程模型,提出即兴行为发生的过程包括诱发因素、诱发条件、即兴行为产生和效果评估,即兴行为发生的内部结构包括快速整合、重新定义、信息交换和即时学习。有限资源下即兴诱发过程、任务驱动下即兴诱发过程和创新驱动下即兴诱发过程3个核心范畴清晰地反映了创造性行为的基本特征,即机会的辨别、收集信息、行为发生(产生创意)和效果评估。研究结果表明,即兴行为诱发过程是在复杂的条件下产生的,诱发因素和诱发条件的变化均对即兴行为的发生和效果产生重要的影响,即兴行为诱发过程不仅仅依赖于习惯或直觉,其本身也是探索未知领域并创造性解决问题的过程。从即兴行为主体视角讨论创造性行为的发生过程,增强了对即兴创造的内部结构性认识,并为组织即兴成功运用到组织环境中提供了重要的关系证据。

Organizational improvisation is an emerging research direction in the field of organizational research.It has been discussed in the fields of industrial development,organizational learning,rapid response,change and innovation.However,due to the lack of observation-based understanding of the improvisation nature of the organization,the inducing conditions,and the situational understanding,the theory of organizational improvisation has not been systematically formed.Based on the multi-case study and the classical grounded theory method,this study selected the creative team of the opening ceremony of the 24 th Winter Games,the creative team of the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,and the creative team of a TV variety show as an improvisation behavior study of target case.Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews,and secondary data were collected based on video data and secondary documents.In the process of data analysis,the data is decoded and analyzed through cross-case comparison and classical grounded theory.Then,194 concepts,73 categories,13 category relationships and 3 core categories are obtained through open coding,spindle coding and selective coding.The process of improvisation behavior occurrence is proposed by constructing the organizational improvisation behavior induced process model:inducing factors,inducing condition,improvisational behavior,effect evaluation;improvisation behavior occurs.The internal structure includes:rapid integration,redefinition,information exchange,and instant learning.The three core categories of improvisation under limited resources,task-driven improvisation and innovation-driven improvisation clearly reflect the basic characteristics of creative behavior:opportunity identification,information collection,behavior generation(creation of ideas),and effect evaluation.The study found that the induced process of improvisation behavior is produced under complex conditions.The changes of predisposing factors and induced condi-tions will have an important impact on the occurrence and effect of improvisation behavior.The improvisation behavioral induction process is not solely dependent on habit or intuition.It is itself a process of exploring unknown areas and creatively solving problems.The study discussed the process of innovative behavior from the perspective of improvisation behavior,enhancing the internal structural understanding of improvisation,and providing important evidence for the successful application of organizational improvisation to the organizational environment.