断层封启性的研究现状与发展方向

Current Research States and Development Directions of Fault Sealing Properties

断层封启性在油气运移和成藏中至关重要。断层封启性是指断层上、下两盘之间岩性和物理性质差异引起的排替压力差,这种压力差控制流体在断层上、下盘之间的通过能力。断层封启性从运移方向上分为垂向封启和侧向封启,从隔离带性质上分为断层面封启和岩性封启。封启性的控制因素有并置作用、碎裂作用、胶结作用、涂抹充填作用以及沥青质沉淀等。其研究方法有Allan图法、断层面压力法、泥岩涂抹法、声波时差法、地震速度谱识别法、逻辑信息法、非线性映射分析法、模糊数学法和连通性概率法等。目前的研究方法均为一定角度下手段单一的定量或半定量分析,因此断层封启性研究方法的突破方向将是在不同角度下的综合定量分析。

Fault sealing is crucial for hydrocarbon migration and reservoir formation. The fault sealing properties refer to the pressure difference caused by the lithological and physical natures between the upper and lower walls of the fault, which controls the ability of fluid to pass through the upper and lower walls of the faults. The types of fault sealing can be divided into vertical sealing and lateral sealing according to the hydrocarbon migration direction, or sectional sealing and lithological sealing according to the nature of the isolation zone. The controlling factors of the fault sealing are juxtaposition, fragmentation, cementation, smear filling, and asphaltene precipitation, etc. The research methods include Allan section diagram method, section pressure method, mudstone smearing method, acoustic wave time difference method, seismic velocity spectrum identification method, logical information method, non-linear mapping analysis method, fuzzy mathematics method,and connectivity probability method. The current research methods are single quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis at a certain scale. The breakthrough direction of the fault sealing research method will be multi-scale comprehensive quantitative analysis.