学龄前儿童超重肥胖的调查和影响因素分析

Investigation on Overweight and Obesity of Preschool Children and Analysis on the Influencing Factors

目的:调查北京市学龄前儿童超重肥胖流行现状并分析其影响因素,为制定防制策略提供科学依据。方法:选择842例3~5岁健康查体的学龄前儿童为研究对象,测量身高、体重并计算体质量指数(BMI)。向儿童主要养护人进行问卷调查,获得母亲孕期、儿童早期喂养、身体活动和行为习惯、家庭情况和膳食情况等与儿童超重肥胖的相关信息。以儿童是否超重肥胖为因变量,影响儿童超重肥胖的23个因素为自变量,进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:学龄前儿童超重率为10.69%、肥胖率为11.28%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,孕期增重、出生6月内喂养方式、屏幕暴露时长、谷薯类食物食用频率4个变量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),孕期增重过多、出生6月内人工喂养、每日屏幕暴露时长≥1 h、每周食用谷薯类食物是儿童超重肥胖的危险因素。结论:北京市学龄前儿童超重肥胖率处于较高水平,儿童超重肥胖受多种因素的共同影响。

Objective To explore the prevalence and the influencing factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Beijing city,provide scientific evidence for intervention strategies.Method A total of 842 preschool children in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics for physical examinations were selected in the study.Height and weight were measured and body mass index(BMI)was calculated.The main caregivers were surveyed by a questionnaire to obtain pregnancy,early childhood feeding,physical activity,behavior habits,family status,dietary choices and other information related to children's overweight and obesity.The dependent variable was overweight and obesity or not,23 influencing factors were taken as independent variables for Univariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Model.Result The incidence rates of overweight and obesity among the preschool children were 10.69%and 11.28%respectively.Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in weight gain during pregnancy,feeding methods within 6 months of birth,screen exposure time,edible frequency of cereals(P<0.05).Excessive weight gain during pregnancy,formula milk feeding within 6 months of birth,daily screen exposure time≥1 hour and eating cereal foods weekly were the risk factors for children being overweight and obesity.Conclusion The incidence rates of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Beijing city are high,which are affected by many factors.