我国陶瓷业遗产的现状与思考

Status and Consideration of China’s Ceramic Industry Heritage

近年来,工业遗产的保护和利用逐渐成为国家非物质文化遗产保护的重要方面。为了能够对我国陶瓷非遗项目和陶瓷工业遗产保护的现状有一个比较系统的认识,本文对其进行梳理和研究。结果表明:我国陶瓷非遗项目现状在保护、利用、传承方面存在不足之处,但近年来各省市申报各级非遗项目的热度持续上升,主要是以古窑址遗址为申报项目,未有以烧制技术为重心;陶瓷业遗产项目在整个中国工业遗产保护名录体系中占比较少,第一批次唐山磁厂、景德镇宇宙瓷厂和北京718联合厂和第三批次北京珐琅厂、景德镇明清御窑厂、国营为民瓷厂和吉州窑遗址均被载入名录;陶瓷工业基本是引进消化类企业,横向对比景德镇和佛山的转化过程及其效果可以看出:引进对象的先进性和市场经济引导性是消化推广能否成功的决定性因素。

In recent years,the protection and utilization of industrial heritage has gradually become an important aspect of national intangible cultural heritage protection.In order to have a more systematic understanding of the status of China’s ceramic intangible cultural heritage projects and ceramic industry heritage protection,this article sorts out and studies them.The results show that the current situation of China’s ceramic intangible cultural heritage projects has shortcomings in terms of protection,utilization,and inheritance.However,in recent years,the popularity of intangible cultural heritage projects at various levels in various provinces and cities has continued to rise and ancient kiln sites instead of firing technologies are mainly declared as the target projects.Ceramic heritage projects account for a relatively small number in the entire Chinese industrial heritage protection list system.The first batch includes Tangshan Magnetic Factory,Jingdezhen Universe Porcelain Factory,Beijing 718 Joint Factory and the third batch of Beijing Enamel Factory,Jingdezhen Ming and Qing Imperial Kiln Factory,State-owned Weimin Porcelain Factory in Jingdezhen and Jizhou Kiln Site.The ceramic related industry is basically the introduction of digestive enterprises.Through a horizontal comparison of the transformation process and effects of Jingdezhen and Foshan ceramic enterprises,it can be found that the advancement of the introduction object and the guidance of the market economy are the decisive factors for the success of digestion and promotion.