应激相关因素、人格特质与传染科护理人员焦虑的关系

Relationship between stress-related factors,personality traits and anxiety among nursing staff in infectious diseases department:A cross-sectional study

目的:探讨传染科护理人员焦虑情绪与应激相关因素、人格特征的关系,为护理人员实施针对性的心理健康教育提供科学的理论依据。方法:对49名传染科护理人员施测应激生活事件问卷、应付方式问卷、社会支持问卷、艾森克人格问卷和状态焦虑量表。用SPSS 17.0与Amos 7.0软件进行数据分析与构建结构方程模型,选出与焦虑相关具显著意义的变量做逐步回归筛选,据筛选出的主要因素生活事件(X1)、消极应对(X2)、神经质(X3)、和次要因素的精神质(X4)、社会支持(X5)、积极应对(X6)、内外向(X7)为原因变量,状态焦虑(Y)为结果变量构筑模型。结果:本组传染科护理人员状态焦虑评分与正常人群相比存在显著性差异(t=3.82,P<0.01);生活事件、消极应对、神经质、精神质与状态焦虑呈正相关(r=0.563,0.502,0.620,0.288;P<0.05);社会支持、积极应对、内外向与状态焦虑呈负相关(r=-0.321,-0.487,-0.342;P<0.05)。生活事件、消极应对、神经质对状态焦虑的直接效应系数分别为0.281、0.259、0.387;精神质、社会支持、积极应对、内外向对状态焦虑的间接效应系数分别为0.031、-0.030、-0.097、-0.047。结论:生活事件、消极应对方式、不稳定情绪人格因素对焦虑情绪作用较大,护理人员面对压力时如能合理利用社会支持、采取积极应对方式、对事物能有正确的认知则会减轻焦虑程度。

Objective:To investigate the relationship between anxiety,stress-related factors and personality characteristics of nursing staff in infectious diseases department,and provide scientific theoretical basis for the targeted mental health education of nurses.Methods:A total of 49nurses selected from infectious diseases department were tested with life event scale(LES),coping style questionnaire(CSQ),social support questionnaire(SSQ),Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ)and state anxiety inventory(SAI).Spss17.0and amos7.0were used for data analysis and construction of structural equation model.We selected the variables that were most relevant to anxiety and then performed stepwise regression screening.The main factors screened out:Life events(X1),negative coping(X2),neuroticism(X3),and secondary factors:Psychoticism(X4),social support(X5),positive coping(X6),introvert or outgoing(X7)were the cause variable,and anxiety(Y)was the result variable then formed the model.Results:The state anxiety scores of infectious diseases department nursing staff in this group were significantly higher than the norm(t=3.82,P<0.01).Life events,negative coping,neuroticism and psychoticism were positively correlated with state anxiety(r=0.563,0.502,0.620,0.288;P<0.05).Social support,positive coping,introvert or outgoing were negatively correlated with state anxiety(r=-0.321,-0.487,-0.342;P<0.05).Conclusion:Life events,negative coping styles,neuroticism and psychoticism have greater effects on anxiety.Nursing staffs can make good use of the social support,take an active coping style,and have a correct perception of things when facing pressure,it may help reduce anxiety levels.