梓叶槭和五小叶槭果实形态特征和扩散特性

Fruit morphological and dispersal characteristics of Acer catalpifolium Rehd.and A.pentaphyllum Diels

以梓叶槭(Acer catalpifolium Rehd.)和五小叶槭(A.pentaphyllum Diels)的果实为材料,对2种植物果实形态特征与扩散特性进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)梓叶槭果实的翅长、翅宽、果翅面积和种子面积显著大于五小叶槭,为五小叶槭的2.01倍、1.40倍、2.42倍和1.79倍,五小叶槭的千粒质量和种子厚度显著高于梓叶槭,为梓叶槭的1.64倍和2.83倍;(2)在200 cm高的静止空气中,梓叶槭的降落速度显著小于五小叶槭的降落速度,在水平风速4 m/s的情况下,梓叶槭水平扩散距离显著高于五小叶槭的水平扩散距离,梓叶槭垂直降落速度慢,水平扩散距离远;(3)垂直降落速度与千粒质量呈极显著正相关,与翅长和果翅面积呈极显著负相关;水平扩散距离与千粒质量呈极显著负相关,与翅长、果翅面积和种子长呈显著或极显著正相关,表明槭属植物的果实千粒质量、翅长、翅果面积等形态特征与其扩散能力密切相关。从梓叶槭和五小叶槭果实的扩散特性来看,梓叶槭扩散距离更远,分布范围更易扩大,对其种群更新和演替具有重要意义。

Fruits of Acer catalpifolium Rehd.and A.pentaphyllum Diels were used as the testing materials to compare and study their morphological characteristics and dispersal properties.The results showed that,firstly,the length,width,area of winged perianth and seed area of A.catalpifolium Rehd.fruits were 2.01 times,1.40 times,2.42 times and 1.79 times of the data of A.pentaphyllum Diels respectively,and the differences were significant.The thousand-seed weight and seed thickness of A.pentaphyllum Diels were 1.64 times and 2.83 times of the data of A.catalpifolium Rehd.respectively.Secondly,in the 200 cm high static air,the falling speed of A.catalpifolium Rehd.was significantly lower than that of A.pentaphyllum Diels.The horizontal dispersal distance of A.catalpifolium Rehd.was significantly less than that of A.pentaphyllum Diels when the horizontal wind speed was 4 m/s,and A.catalpifolium Rehd.had slow vertical falling speed and long horizontal dispersal distance.Thirdly,vertical falling speed was significantly positive correlated with thousand-seed weight,and was significantly negative correlated with winged perianth length and winged perianth area.Horizontal dispersal distance was significantly negative correlated with the thousand-seed weight,and was significantly or highly significantly positive correlated with winged perianth length,winged perianth area and seed length,indicating that morphological characteristics such as thousand-seed weight,perianth length,winged perianth area were closely related to the dispersal ability in Acer plants.It can be seen from the fruits dispersal characteristics of Acer catalpifolium Rehd.and A.pentaphyllum Diels that,A.catalpifolium Rehd.can disperse further and can easily expand the distribution scope,which is of important significance to its population renewal and succession.