1918年大流感视阈下的绍兴时疫与社会救济

Research of the Epidemic in Shaoxing and Corresponding Social Relief Based on the Pandemic Influenza in 1918

回顾梳理民国时期报刊所载1918年绍兴疫情报道,发现绍兴"时疫"为流行性感冒,系自国外经宁波传入。该时疫发病特点为人群普遍易感,幼儿、老人和孕妇死亡率较高;监狱、学校等人员密集场所是疫情高发地,呈明显的聚集性。由于当地医疗资源不足,主管官员对疫情的严重性估计不足、地方政府应对不力,导致绍兴成为1918年大流感疫情重灾区。后民间团体自发救治,成为抗疫主力,其间绍兴中医积极介入,总结推广治疫经验。此次疫情客观上促进了近代中国疾病控制体系的建立与公共卫生事业的发展。

By analyzing the epidemic situation raged in Shaoxing in 1918 according to the newspapers and medical journals during the period of the Republic of China,it can be found that the "epidemic" is actually influenza,which was introduced from abroad through Ningbo city.The disease is characterized by susceptibility and high mortality among young children,the elder and pregnant women.As people in prison,school and other densely populated places were more susceptible to being infected,it has the characteristic of clustering.Due to the lack of health-care resources,underevaluation of the severity of the epidemic by the officials and inadequate response of the local government,Shaoxing became a heavily affected area in 1918.Then non-governmental organizations spontaneously participated in the rescue and became the main force.Traditional Chinese medicine doctors in Shaoxing actively joined in this work,summarizing and promoting their experience in treating influenza.This pandemic objectively promoted the establishment of disease control system and the development of public health in modern China.