明清时期贵州医者群体探析

Study on the Physicians in Guizhou Province During the Ming and Qing Dynasties

通过系统查阅明代至民国时期贵州省的200余部地方志资料,发现其所记载的120位医者的来源主要包括外来移民、儒生兼医、弃儒从医、道士和尚、从军人士、武术群体等,医术的传承主要依靠亲属传承、访名师、主动授徒、自学等方式。这些医者有较高的医术和理论水平,留下了56部医学典籍。他们有着较强的社会责任感,行医时不辞辛劳,敬业奉献,为贫穷患者义诊甚至赠送药物,日常生活中也有乐善好施的高尚品质。

According to the more than 200 local chronicles of Guizhou province from the Ming dynasty to the period of the Republic of China,it can be found that the 120 physicians recorded in these local chronicles mainly consisted of immigrants,Confucian scholars with medical skills,people who abandoned Confucianism and engaged in medicine,Taoists and monks,military personnel,people who practiced martial arts,etc.In order to pass the medical skills on,some physicians taught their relatives or students the skills.And someone inherited the skills mainly by learning from famous physicians or self-studying.With superb medical theories and skills,these physicians contributed 56 medical classics.They took strong responsibility for the society as well as dedicated to their work and provided free medical care and drugs for the poor.The noble quality of being benevolent was also reflected in their daily life.