孤独症谱系障碍与特发性语言障碍儿童发育情况分析

Analysis of the development status of children with autism spectrum disorder and specific language impairment

目的探讨伴有语言障碍的孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童与特发性语言障碍(SLI)儿童发育水平的差异及语言发展进程的特点,为早期诊断、早期干预及提供科学的个性化的干预措施提供依据。方法从2018年1月-2019年12月在苏州大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科因语言迟缓就诊的儿童中选择年龄在24~48个月之间,经过一系列检查最终确诊为ASD儿童293例及SLI儿童261例,对这些患儿进一步应用0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表及语言发展进程量表进行评估。结果ASD组和SLI组在粗大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言能力及个人-社会能力方面均有差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ASD组在语言表达能力、听觉感受和理解能力、与视觉相关的理解和表达能力3个方面得分均低于SLI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论ASD儿童与SLI儿童相比各能区发育水平均有落后,临床过程中对语言发育迟缓儿童应增加语言理解及表达能力的评估,这样更有利于制定出个性化的康复方案进而针对性的干预。

Objective To explore the development level and characteristics of language development process of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and specific language impairment(SLI),so as to provide basis for early diagnosis,early intervention and scientific personalized intervention measures for these children.Methods Among the children who visited our Department of Child Health Care from January 2018 to December 2019 due to language delay,we selected 293 children with ASD and 261 children with SLI who were finally diagnosed after a series of examinations.They were assessed with Children Neuropsychological and Behavior Scale(CNBS)for children aged 0~6 years old and the Language Development Process Scale.Results There were significant differences in gross motor,fine motor,adaptability,language ability and personal-social ability between ASD group and SLI group(P<0.001).The ASD group had lower scores in language expression ability,auditory feeling and understanding ability,and the expression and understanding ability related to visual than the SLI group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion Compared with children with SLI,children with ASD lag behind in all areas of development.In the clinical process,language comprehension and expression ability assessment should be added for children with language retardation,which is more conducive to the development of personalized rehabilitation programs and targeted interventions.