抵牾抑或兼容:认罪认罚从宽制度的实体法定位

Contradiction or Compatibility:The Substantive Orientation of the Law System of Leniency for Guilty Pleas

认罪认罚从宽制度作为一项综合性的刑事法律制度,在当前的“宰制性”司法氛围下,已对刑法传统的认罪奖励体系形成架空和依附效应。尽管认罪与自首都要求“如实供述罪行”,但两者却有不同的运作逻辑,而认罚又存在只具有程序功能、还是兼具实体与程序双重功能的两难选择。再加上认罪认罚的“自愿性”预设及其实践背离又对刑罚价值构成挑战,这些因素都要求审视认罪认罚对自首、坦白等制度的嵌入态势,要求进一步明晰认罪认罚从宽制度的实体法定位。在刑法的语境下,应当将认罪认罚改造为独立的量刑情节,确立综合性的从宽量刑方法,并在一定程度上承认技术性自愿认罪认罚。

As a comprehensive criminal law system,the system of leniency for guilty pleas and punishment acceptance has produced an overhead effect on the traditional system of rewards for guilty pleas in the current judicial atmosphere of“domination”,which,however,leads to the inefficiency or dependence on the traditional criminal law.Confession and voluntary surrender both require“truthful confession of crimes”,but they have different logics of operation.Confession and punishment also face the dilemma of having only the procedural function,or dual function of entity and procedure.The“voluntary”presupposition of guilty pleas and punishment acceptance and its deviation from the practice also challenge the value of punishment,which requires to examine the embeddedness of confession and confession,and to further clarify the substantive orientation of the law system of leniency for guilty pleas and punishment acceptance.Thus,it is necessary to transform the existing guilty pleas and punishment acceptance into an independent part of punishment from the perspective of criminal law,establish a comprehensive method of lenient punishments,and recognize the status of technical voluntary guilty pleas and punishment acceptance to a certain extent.