《张氏医通》及其学术特色

An analysis on Zhang’s Medical History and its academic characteristics

《张氏医通》总十六卷,为清初医家张璐所著,成书于康熙年间,包括内、外、妇、儿及五官各科疾病证治,并附医案治例,不仅对前人医案进行分析和总结,也将毕生学验附于书中。张璐崇尚经旨,博采众长,对疾病不独守前人思维定式,有着自己独特见解;对杂病和急症的诊治进行了丰富和发展,详述造金针法,保留罕见方;脉诊是其学术思想中的一大特色,重痰火与小儿脉诊;同时因人制宜,根据患者体质采取针对性的治疗手段也是其学术特色,在温脾和胃、调理气血的同时不忘温补肾阳,去除下焦之寒邪在其书中尤为多见。

The sixteen volumes of Zhang’s Medical History,written by Zhang Lu,a physician in the early Qing Dynasty,were completed in the Kangxi period,covering the syndromes and treatment of diseases in internal medicine,external medicine,gynecology,pediatrics and facial features section,and appended with medical cases.The author not only analyzed and summarized those previous medical cases,but also attached to the book his own lifelong medical learning and clinical experience.Zhang Lu advocated principles of TCM classics and learned widely from others’ strong points.However,he did not rigidly stick to predecessors’ mindset about TCM and had his own unique views.He enriched and advanced the diagnosis and treatment of miscellaneous diseases and emergencies,elaborated the method of making acupuncture needles,and retained rare prescriptions.Pulse diagnosis is one of the major characteristics of his academic thought,and he especially emphasizes phlegm fire and pediatric pulse diagnosis in his clinical practice.At the same time,his academic thought is also characterized as adopting suitable treatment methods according to the constitution of patients.It is especially common in his book to attach importance to warmly replenishing kidney yang and removing cold pathogens in lower jiao as well as warming spleen and harmonizing stomach,regulating qi and blood.