辽代都统类型及入仕与迁转考论

A Study on the Types of Dutong and the Entry,Transfer and Promotion in Liao Dynasty

辽代都统分属于为北面军官、北面边防官、北面行军官系统。从都统民族成分来看,皇族成员、后族成员等契丹人所占比例较高,反映出鲜明契丹民族特征;初仕多以宿直官、荫补、军功入仕为主;前职需要较高仕宦资历和军事经验;后职一方面如若都统取得战争胜利,则予以加兼官,遥授地方节镇,赐于功臣号的封赐;另一方面如战争严重失利,则会予以免官;除战争失利因素外,终仕多以职位不动、升迁调动的形式为主。

Dutong in the Liao Dynasty is a post belongs to the military officer systems of the northern officers,northern border officers,and northern marching officers.In terms of the ethnic composition of Dutong officers,Khitans,such as family members of the emperor,family members of the empress descendants,is relatively higher,reflecting the distinctive characteristics of the Khitan nationality.Entry ways mainly include selecting from the Suzhi officers,inheriting from the ascendant,awarding in the military.For the first two ways,it requires a relatively good qualifications and rich military experience;for the latter one,if the Dutong won a war,he would be promoted or granted additional posts,awarded the territory inland,and also granted meritorious titles,but if he lost in a war badly,he would be removed from the post.Except for the failure of wars,generally the officer of this post would be maintained unchanged,transferred or promoted.