花椒园土壤养分质量比特征对秸秆生物质炭类型与施用量的响应

Response of Soil Nutrient Mass Ratio Characteristics to Biochar Type and Application Rate of Straw in Prickly Ash Orchard

研究生物质炭类型和施用量对花椒园土壤养分质量比特征的影响差异,为评价花椒园土壤养分供给能力,指导施肥和秸秆资源的合理利用提供理论参考.以玉米、水稻和油菜秸秆500℃炭化得到的生物质炭为添加材料,以0(对照),1.0,1.8,2.6 t/hm^(2)为施用量.以贵州喀斯特地区花椒园作为试验用地,通过生态化学计量学方法分析比较不同处理土壤的全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全碳(TC)质量分数和C/N,C/P,N/P.结果表明,不同秸秆生物质炭处理土壤的TN,TP,TC质量分数和C/N,C/P和N/P分别为0.68~1.52,0.37~0.61,5.42~29.98 g/kg和7.79~21.71,14.65~49.15,1.75~2.49,分别是对照的1.13~2.24,1.08~1.65,1.97~5.53倍和1.73~2.72,1.73~3.35,0.95~1.35倍.土壤TN,TP,TC质量分数和C/P,N/P均随着生物质炭施用量的增加而增大,且均在施用2.6 t/hm^(2)的油菜秸秆生物质炭处理达到最大值.相关性分析表明,土壤TN,TP,TC质量分数及其C/N,C/P,N/P之间呈显著正相关关系,生物质炭类型及施用量的交互作用对其差异性影响最大,生物质炭施用量次之,生物质炭类型最小.综上,花椒园土壤的TN,TP,TC质量分数及其C/N,C/P,N/P均处于较低水平,施用秸秆生物质炭对其具有显著的影响效应;其中施用量为2.6 t/hm^(2)的油菜秸秆生物质炭是提高花椒园土壤养分质量比特征的最优处理.

The differences influence of biochar type and application rate on soil nutrient quality ratio of prickly ash orchard was studied to provide theoretical reference for evaluating soil nutrient supply ability,guiding fertilization and rational utilization of straw resources.Biochar was used as additive materials from carbonization of corn,rice and rape straw at 500℃,and 0(control),1.0,1.8 and 2.6 t·hm^(-2) were used as application rate.The total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),total carbon(TC)contents and C/N,C/P,N/P of different treatment soil were analyzed and compared by ecological stoichiometric method in the prickly ash orchard of karst region of guizhou.Its contents were 0.68-1.52,0.37-0.61,5.42-29.98,7.79-21.71,14.65-49.15 and 1.75-2.49,respectively,which were 1.13-2.24 times,1.08-1.65 times,1.97-5.53 times,1.73-2.72 times,1.73-3.35 times and 0.95-1.35 times of the control.The contents of all the soil TN,TP,TC and C/P,N/P were improve with the increase of biochar application rate,and rape straw biochar with 2.6 t·hm^(-2) reached its maximum value.Correlation analysis showed that soil TN,TP,TC were significantly or significantly positively correlated with the soil C/N,C/P,N/P changed by adding biochar,which was the greatest influence by the interaction of biochar type and application rate,followed by biochar application rate and biochar type the smallest.So the contents of soil TN,TP,TC and C/N,C/P,N/P are at low levels in the prickly ash orchard.Among them,rape straw biochar with a application rate of 2.6 t·hm^(-2) is the optimal treatment to improve the soil nutrient quality ratio of prickly ash orchard.