当代手工艺类非物质文化遗产的审美取向

Aesthetic Orientation of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Contemporary Handicraft

作为非物质文化遗产,当代手工艺虽然有政策性保护,但也要面向市场。面向市场,就得服从消费主义审美逻辑,顺应当代审美风尚,其审美取向必然是多元的。然而,作为非物质文化遗产的当代手工艺审美取向并不具有多元性,大多秉承传统的审美旨趣——重视“材美工巧”与古典意趣。察其原因,其一,手工艺的特质不仅在于“手艺”,而且在于其“传统”性;其二,当代审美风尚并不排斥古典主义趣味,手工艺消费群体的审美观念具有较好的历史延续性;其三,讲究“材美工巧”暗合了当代审美资本主义的文化逻辑。另外,传统审美精神并非一成不变,它具有不断再生产的潜力,应以当代眼光重新打量、审视,不断发掘其审美再生产的潜力。

As an intangible cultural heritage,although contemporary handicraft has policy protection,it should also face the market.Facing the market,it is necessary to obey the aesthetic logic of consumerism and conform to the contemporary aesthetic fashion.As a result,its aesthetic orientation must be diversified.However,as an intangible cultural heritage,the aesthetic orientation of contemporary handicrafts is not diversified,and most of them adhere to the traditional aesthetic purport of"beauty of materials and craftsmanship"and classical taste.The reasons are as follows:firstly,the characteristics of handicraft are not only"handicraft",but also"tradition";secondly,the contemporary aesthetic fashion does not exclude the taste of classicism,and the aesthetic concept of handicraft consumer groups has a good historical continuity;thirdly,the emphasis on"material beauty and craftsmanship"coincides with the cultural logic of contemporary aesthetic capitalism.In addition,the traditional aesthetic spirit is not immutable and it has the potential of continuous reproduction.It is suggested to reconsider it in contemporary foresight and explore its potential of aesthetic reproduction.