知识与实践:西藏高原牧区牛粪文化研究

Knowledge and Practice:A Study of Culture of Cow Dung in Pastoral Areas of Tibet Plateau

通过从主位与客位相结合的视角分析扎西乡对牛粪的维护与利用,可以发现地方性知识的变化及其与实践的关系。地方性知识是一个知识连续统,其存在与转型的直接原因在于这种知识在社会生活和结构之内的实践过程与取向。对牛粪维护与利用知识的转型本质上是知识实践过程。在结构取向的历史进程中,对牛粪维护与利用的地方性知识的实践转型可以从3个方面给出启示:保护人民群众身体健康、保护生态环境和充分发挥牛粪生态肥料特性。

By analyzing the maintenance and utilization of cow dung in Zaxi township from the perspective of the combination of emic and etic,the change of local knowledge and its relationship with practice could be found.Local knowledge is a knowledge continuum whose existence and transformation are directly caused by its practi⁃cal process and orientation in social life and structure.The transformation of cow dung maintenance and knowl⁃edge utilization essentially is the process of knowledge practice.In the course of the history of structural orienta⁃tion,the practical transformation of the local cow dung knowledge could provide enlightenment in three aspects:to protect the health of the people,to protect the ecological environment and to make full use of the characteris⁃tics of the ecological fertilizer of cow dung.