应用静电纺丝技术的电催化剂及载体材料制备研究进展

Research progress in the application of electrospinning technology in the preparation of electrocatalysts and the carrier materials

与机械拉伸等传统的纤维制备方法相比,静电纺丝技术具有操作便利、成本低、生产效率高等优点,是一种更简单、经济的纤维成型技术,被广泛应用于燃料电池、金属-空气电池、水电解装置等领域的电催化过程中。本文首先介绍了静电纺丝的工作原理、工艺影响因素及电纺技术的发展现状;之后主要介绍了静电纺丝在制备催化剂及催化载体材料上的研究进展,包括:①在碱性的电化学反应中,通过静电纺丝制备的过渡金属氧化物及金属-碳复合纤维显示出优异的电催化性能和可观的经济效益;②在水分解反应中,电纺Ir基催化剂具有均匀的一维纳米结构、极高的比表面积和良好的分散性,表现出了优异的催化活性;③在酸性的氧还原和析氧反应中,电纺氧化锡锑(ATO)载体具有优异的导电性,不仅可为催化剂提供良好的电子转移结构及催化活性位点,还能起到一定的结构保护作用,提高了催化活性和稳定性。本文总结了以静电纺丝方法制备催化剂或催化载体材料的优缺点,并发现电纺一维纳米催化剂具有出色的纤维形貌、理想的比表面积及较低的传质阻力,可有效弥补传统金属催化剂颗粒易团聚、活性低等缺点。最后,为进一步提高电纺催化剂的析氧催化性能以及实现电纺纤维排列结构的可控性,对静电纺丝技术的发展提出了几点建议和展望。

Compared with traditional fiber preparation methods such as mechanical drawing,electrospinning is simpler and more economical and therefore has a wide range of applications in the areas of fuel cell,metal-air battery,water electrolysis device,etc.This article first introduced the working principle,influencing factors and development status of the electrospinning technology.Then,the research progress of electrospinning in the preparation of electrocatalysts and carrier material was summarized,including:①For alkaline solutions,transition metal derivatives and metal-carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have shown excellent electrocatalytic performance and considerable economic benefits under various electrochemical reactions;②In water electrolysis reactions,the iridiumbased catalysts prepared by electrospinning can exhibit a uniform one-dimensional nanostructure,which has higher specific surface area and better dispersibility and thus could provide excellent catalytic activity;③In the acidic oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions,the electrospun tin antimony oxide(ATO)carrier has shown good electrical conductivity,which not only provides a better electron transfer structure and catalytic active site for the catalyst,but also plays a role in structural protection.Thus,it can improve the catalytic activity and stability.Then,this article summarized the advantages and limitations of preparing catalysts or their carriers by electrospinning.It was found that the onedimensional nano-catalyst has excellent fiber morphology compared to traditional ones,which could provide larger specific surface area and lower mass transfer resistance.Thus,it can effectively solve the problems of traditional metal catalyst particles,such as the low dispersion and low activity.Finally,in order to further improve the oxygen evolution catalytic performance of electrospinning catalysts and achieve the controllability of electrospinning fiber arrangement structures,some suggestions and prospects were proposed for the future development of electrospinning technology.