终身监禁适用中“特别重大损失”的界定

The Definition of“Especially Heavy Loss”in the Application of Life Imprisonment

立法中针对贪污、受贿犯罪适用终身监禁采取“数额+损失”的双重标准量刑模式,这一改进有利于准确配置刑罚量、实现量刑规范化。立法中对于数额标准有较多规范,但是对于何种程度的“损失”能够适用终身监禁则缺乏明确、详尽的规范。“损失”标准的明确对于我国终身监禁规范化适用具有重要的实践价值。首先,损失要素的考量有利于刑罚裁量标准的准确界定。其次,厘清“损失”的界限可以有效应对当前立法中终身监禁“损失”要素的判断与司法适用中存在的界限不明、适用混乱的问题。司法实践中终身监禁适用案例较少,没有形成具有普遍说服力的“损失”认定标准。为此,应从理论层面深化,为终身监禁的适用提供逻辑支撑;应注重司法实践中经验的累积,配合当前案例指导制度,明确终身监禁适用中“损失”的考量内容。

The double standard sentencing mode of“amount+loss”is adopted in the legislation to apply life imprisonment to the crime of corruption and bribery.This improvement is conducive to the accurate allocation of the amount of penalty and the realization of the standardization of sentencing.There are many norms for the amount standard in the legislation,but there is no clear and detailed norm for what degree of“loss”can be applied to life imprisonment.The definition of“loss”standard has important practical value for the standardization of life imprisonment in China.First of all,the consideration of loss elements is conducive to the accurate definition of penalty discretion standard.Secondly,clarifying the boundaries of“loss”can effectively deal with the problems of unclear boundaries and confusion in the current legislation and judicial application of life imprisonment“loss”.In judicial practice,there are few cases of life imprisonment,and there is no universally convincing standard of“loss”.Therefore,we should deepen the theoretical level to provide logical support for the application of life imprisonment;we should pay attention to the accumulation of experience in judicial practice,cooperate with the current case guidance system,and clarify the consideration content of“loss”in the application of life imprisonment.