乡村振兴视域下“以拳塑乡”的新型乡村共同体建构及治理——基于“武术之乡”陈家沟的田野调查

The Construction and Governance of a New Type Rural Community in the Perspective of Rural Revitalization——Based on Chenjiagou Field Research

以河南温县陈家沟为田野考察点,运用口述史、逻辑分析等方法,阐释太极拳嵌入乡村社会关系、生产结构及民俗传统的共同体建构路径,提出以太极拳文化资源为依附的陈家沟乡村社会治理启示。陈家沟形成了以"拳"为驱动的新型乡村共同体,其建构路径包括3个方面:其一,以太极拳传承谱系置换宗族血缘谱系,通过仪式缔结乡村新差序格局;其二,以太极拳为"原材料"的基层生产共同体取代传统农业经济生产结构,使陈家沟从农业生产型村落转变为以陈式太极拳的嵌入为特征的景观型消费村落;其三,以"舞虎""村赛"修复乡村记忆链,实现乡村民俗精神与集体认同重塑。这一乡村共同体的建构对于实施乡村振兴战略具有积极启示意义。

Taking fieldwork in Chenjiagou,Wenxian,Henan Province,using oral history,logical analysis and other methods,this paper expects to explain the community construction path of Taijiquan immersed in rural social relations,production structure and folk traditions,and to put forward the enlightenment of the rural social governance of Chenjiagou based on the cultural resources of Taijiquan.Chenjiagou formed a new type of rural community driven by"Taijiquan",and its construction path included the following three aspects:First,the inheritance lineage of Taijiquan was used to replace the lineage of clan bloodlines,and a new pattern of rural differences was established through rituals.Second,the grassroots production community using Taijiquan as the"raw material"replaced the traditional agricultural economic production structure,and Chenjiagou transforms from an agricultural production village to a landscape consumer village characterized by the embedded Chen-style Taijiquan.Third,villagers restore the rural memory chain and reshape of rural folk customs and collective identity through"Tiger Dance"and"village competitions".This kind of rural community construction has positive implications for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.