高考化学创新性考查的内涵及实施路径——以2021年广东、江苏等8省市普通高中学业水平等级适应性考试化学试题为例

Research on the Requirements and Implementation Path of Chemistry Innovative Test in College Entrance Examination——Taking Chemistry Exercises of Adaptability Examination in Eight Provinces and Cities such as Guangdong and Jiangsu in 2021 for Example

创新试题形式、优化情境设计、注重科研创新能力和实践能力的考查是国家对创新型人才选拔的要求,具体到化学学科,应从内容创新、形式创新、方法创新、思维创新4个维度展开,其中内容创新涵盖最新合成方法、新颖功能材料、新型催化技术;形式创新包含新颖呈现、设问方式、模块融合;方法创新包括推测反应现象或物质性质、设计物质合成或分离路线、阐释机理或总结规律;思维创新涵盖敢于质疑和批判的思维能力、自主决策并发表见解的能力、独立自主设计方案的能力。以2021年实施新高考“3+1+2”方案的8省市普通高中学业水平等级适应性考试化学试题为例,对试题进行量化与质性分析,探索高考化学创新性考查的实施路径:重视真实情境创设,着力进行内容创新;关注模块之间的深度融合,体现设问形式创新;不断挖掘科研素材的学科内涵,实现方法创新;适时呈现认知冲突的素材与设问,积极开展高阶思维教学。

It is the top-level requirement of national selection of innovative talents to innovate the examination form,strengthen the situation design,strengthen the research and innovation capability and the practical ability examination.In terms of Chemistry,it should be expanded from four dimensions,namely,content innovation,form innovation,method innovation and thinking innovation.The content innovation includes the latest synthesis method,novel functional materials and new catalytic technology.Form innovation includes novel presentation,question mode and module integration;method innovation includes speculating reaction phenomena or substance properties,designing synthesis or separation route of substance,explaining mechanism or summarizing law;thinking innovation includes the ability of questioning and critical thinking,the ability of making decisions and expressing opinions independently,and the ability of designing schemes independently.Taking the third batch of“3+1+2”adaptability tests in eight provinces and cities of the new college entrance examination in 2021 for example,the paper conducts quantitative and qualitative analysis of data,and concludes that the implementation paths of innovative tests include emphasizing the creation of real situation,focusing on content innovation,paying attention to the deep integration between modules and reflecting the innovation of the form of questions;it also unceasingly excavate the discipline connotation of the scientific research material and realize the method innovation;the materials and questions of cognitive conflict should be timely presented and advanced thinking teaching should be carried out actively.