献血过程中的紧张程度及影响因素分析

Investigation on tension and its influencing factors in blood donation

目的了解不同献血者在献血过程中的紧张程度,探索提供心理护理的最佳时期。方法将从填写《献血征询表》到献血结束共分解成为17个步骤,献血结束以后,献血者回忆每个步骤的紧张程度。结果 71.65%的献血者在献血过程中会紧张,以女性(χ2=9.68,P<0.05)和初次献血者为主(χ2=5.575,P<0.05)。紧张程度最高的是穿刺瞬间;整个献血过程初次献血者(F=4.293,P<0.05),非特意献血者(F=7.611,P<0.05),女性(F=21.522,P<0.05)紧张程度更高。献血前后看见采血针头的紧张程度差异有统计学意义(t=4.671,P<0.05);多因素分析显示献血经历、平时对针刺的恐惧程度会影响献血紧张程度。结论献血过程需重点关注女性、初次的年轻献血者,提高献血者的自我效能,详细讲解献血过程,提倡预约献血,遮挡采血针头和储血袋能降低献血者紧张。

Objective To investigate the tension of donors during blood donation, so as to explore the utmost period for proper psychological intervention.Methods The donation procedure,from the completion of blood donation consultation form to the end of blood donation was divided into 17 steps, and donors were asked to recall the degree of tension at each step after the donation. Results 71.65%(207/293) of the donors reported tension during donation, dominated by female donors(P<0.05)and first-time donors(P<0.05). The beginning of phlebotomyis the most intense moment.First-time donors(P<0.05), accidental donors(P<0.05) and female donors(P<0.05) were more nervous than others. Statistical differences in needle fear before and after the donation was observed(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that donation history and fear of puncture would affect the nervous level during donation. Conclusion More attention should be paid to female donors and first-time young donors to improve their self-efficacy and reduce the tension by explaining the donation procedure in detail,promoting donation appointment,and shielding the needles and blood bags.