从国都到省城:元初对杭州政治空间的改造

From the Capital to Provincial City:Transformation of Hangzhou Political Space in the Early Yuan Dynasty

在实现天下一统后,元初统治者展开对南宋故都政治空间的改造,其政策演变与江南统治形势密切关联。元军占领临安后,逐步弃置或改造城内外皇权意味浓厚的礼制建筑,为顾及政治影响,亦采取一定的保护措施。由于忽必烈担忧江南局势恶化,加之桑哥执政,改造趋于激进,皇家宫殿、御前宫观、南郊圜丘、帝后陵寝等被强行改为佛寺,引起江南社会剧烈动荡。其后,元廷调整相关措施,赋予杭州省城地位,尊重当地文化传统,营造符合儒家礼制的衙署、祠庙、城楼等。在元明鼎革之际,元初杭州改造的相关史实逐步模糊,其后衍生出众多神异的传说,成为后世统治者治理江南的重要历史昭鉴。

After achieving the unification,the Yuan court launched movements to transform political space of Lin’an,the original capital of the South Song Dynasty,whose political changes involved a close relation with the ruling situation in the south of the Yangtze River.After occupying Lin’an,Yuan armies gradually abandoned or transformed ritual architectures inside and outside the city,which served as obvious symbols of imperial power,but they also took certain protective measures for taking political impact into consideration.Worrying about deteriorated situation in the south and the administration of Sango(桑哥),Kublai(the fi fth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty)started relatively radical transformations by forcing to change architectures into temples including imperial palaces,Taoist temples in the court,the Circular Mound Altar in the southern suburb,as well as mausoleums of emperors and empresses and so on,which sparked intense social unrest in the south of the Yangtze River.Afterward,the Yuan court adjusted its relevant measures,taking Hangzhou as a provincial city,respecting local cultural traditions,and building governmental offi ces,temples and gate towers in accordance with Confucian rituals.At the turn of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the historical facts related to the transformation of Hangzhou in the early Yuan Dynasty gradually blurred,and then many odd legends came into being,serving as important historical lessons learned by later rulers to govern regions in the south of the Yangtze River.