岱字棉来源的陆地棉种质资源的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Gossypium hirsutum Germplasm Resources Based on Deltapine Cotton

岱字棉曾经作为中国陆地棉种质资源的重要亲本来源之一,促进了中国陆地棉种质资源的创新与发展,为了进一步挖掘具有优良性状的棉花种质资源及为高效利用优异种质提供一定的科学依据。本研究围绕岱字棉来源的147份陆地棉种质资源的纤维品质性状和主要农艺进行各类分析,包括相关性分析、变异分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明岱字棉来源的147份陆地棉种质资源具有较丰富的遗传多样性,变异分析表明主要农艺性状中变异系数最大的为单株铃数(25.099%)、最小的为株高(5.495%),主要纤维品质性状中变异系数最大的为伸长率(7.904%),最小的为整齐度指数(1.047%),遗传多样性指数以果枝数最高(2.345),第一果枝节位最低(1.940);相关性分析表明在果枝数、单株铃数、株高、第一果枝高度之间,衣分,伸长率,马克隆值之间和断裂比强度、上半部平均长度、整齐度指数之间存在极显著正相关,株高与上半部平均长度呈极显著正相关;伸长率与断裂比强度、上半部平均长度,马克隆值与上半部平均长度均呈极显著负相关;主成分分析表明前5个主成分的累计贡献率达到67.931%,第1主成分主要和棉花纤维品质相关,第2主成分主要与单株铃数、株高、果枝数等农艺性状相关,第3主成分表现出棉花农艺性状与纤维品质性状的相互影响,第4主成分与第5主成分均和棉花产量构成因素相关;聚类分析将147份来源岱字棉的陆地棉种质资源划分为5类,筛选出‘洞庭3号’(岱56-37)、‘安棉3号’、‘中7259’、‘沙帽长桃’(纱帽长桃)、‘赣棉11号’可以作为改良棉花产量构成的材料加以利用,没有马克隆值A级材料。

Deltapine cotton was once one of the important parental sources of Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources in China,which promoted the innovation and development of Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources in China.In order to provide a certain theoretical basis for further excavating cotton germplasm resources with good traits and efficient use of excellent germplasm.Variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on the main agronomic traits and fiber quality traits of 147 Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources from deltapine cotton.The results showed that the 147 Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources from deltapine cotton had rich genetic diversity.Variation analysis showed that the largest coefficient of variation in the main agronomic traits was the boll number per plant(25.099%)and the smallest was plant height(5.495%).Among the main fiber quality traits,the largest coefficient of variation was elongation ratio(7.904%),the smallest was the regularity degree(1.047%).And the genetic diversity index was the fruit branch number per plant(2.345),and the first branch position(1.940)was the lowest.Correlation analysis showed that fruit branch number per plant,boll number per plant,plant height and first branch height,lint percentage,elongation ratio and micronaire value,fiber strength,upper half mean length and regularity degree,plant height and upper half mean length had a very significant positive correlation.Elongation ratio,fiber strength and upper half mean length,micronaire value and upper half mean length had a very significant negative correlation.The cumulative contribution of the top five principal factors reached 67.931%in the principal component analysis.The first principal factor was mainly related to fiber quality;the second principal factor was mainly related to agronomic traits such as boll number per plant,plant height and fruit branch number;the third principal factor showed the interaction between cotton agronomic traits and fiber quality traits;both the fourth principal factor and the fifth principal factor were related to the cotton yield component.Cluster analysis divided 147 Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources derived from deltapine cotton into five categories,and selected'Dongting No.3'(Dai56-37),'Anmian No.3','Zhong 7259','Shamaochangtao',Ganmian'No.11'can be used as materials to improve cotton yield,no micronaire value A grade material.