不同措施对苏打型盐碱土土壤盐分淋洗特征的影响

Effects of Different Measures on Soil Salinity Leaching Characteristics in Saline-alkali Soil

为研究不同施用量的泥炭、黄腐酸、秸秆、有机肥和泥炭-黄腐酸处理对山西苏打型盐碱土土壤pH值、电导率、盐基离子(Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、K^(+)、Na^(+)、CO_(3)^(2-))和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量的影响,采用土柱模拟试验,比较不同处理下土壤性质和各离子的淋溶变化特征。结果表明,在整个淋洗过程中,各处理的Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、K^(+)、Na^(+)等盐基阳离子均随水流淋洗大量排出土体,其中,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)和K^(+)的累积淋洗量以秸秆处理的最高,泥炭-黄腐酸和泥炭处理次之;Na^(+)的累积淋洗量则以黄腐酸和泥炭-黄腐酸处理的较高,CO_(3)^(2-)累积淋洗含量以有机肥处理的最高。综合来看,添加不同材料均能有效提高上述盐基离子的淋溶量,改善土壤质量,考虑到综合改良效果和成本问题,认为1.33%泥炭和黄腐酸混合物的淋洗效果最佳,在苏打型盐碱土的治理中应优先施用。

To study the effects of turf-soil(TS),fulvic acid(FA),straw(S),organic fertilizer(OF)and mixture of turf-soil and fulvi cacid(TS-FA)with different application rates on base ions(Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),K^(+),Na^(+),CO_(3)^(2-))leaching and NO_(3)^(-)-N content,soil column simulation experiment was carried out to compare the soil properties and leaching characteristics of ion under different treatments.The results showed that the Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),K^(+),Na^(+)ions in each treatment were discharged from the soil with water leaching in the whole leaching process,especially,the cumulative leaching amount of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and K^(+)was the highest under the S treatment,followed by the TS-FA and TS treatments.The cumulative leaching amount of Na+was higher under the FA and TS-FA treatments than that under other treatments.CO_(3)^(2-)cumulative leaching content was the highest under the OF treatment.Overall,all the used materials could effectively increase the leaching amount of the soil base ions,and improve soil quality.Based on the integrated improvement effects and costs,the TS-FA treatment exhibited the best leaching effect and thus was a priority recommendation measure to the sonic saline-alkali soils in this region.