多维贫困视角下精准扶贫的成就与展望——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的实证

Achievements and Prospects of Targeted Poverty Alleviation--Empirical Study Based on Tracing Invesitigational Data from Chinese Families

在新时代脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利之际,科学评价和系统总结精准扶贫战略实施以来取得的巨大成就,这对推动我国后扶贫时代的反贫困事业可持续发展具有重要意义。研究基于精准扶贫“两不愁,三保障”的脱贫目标,构建多维贫困指标体系,依托2014~2018年间中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),运用AF多维贫困测度方法对精准扶贫战略取得的成果进行测度和分解,并分别讨论了城乡之间以及东、中、西部地区的多维贫困差异。研究结果表明:单维度各指标的贫困发生率及其变化差异较大;我国整体多维贫困状况有所改善,但改善趋势逐年放缓;收入指标贫困发生率的下降对缓解多维贫困的贡献率最大。研究由此提出了后扶贫时代我国贫困治理的基本策略。

At the stage where the Targeted Poverty Alleviation policy has made progress,to scientifically evaluate and systematically summarise the achievements of it,can make sense in promoting the sustainable development of national poverty works in the future.Based on the aim of“rural poor people are free from worries over food and clothing and have access to compulsory education,basic medical services and safe housing”,This paper constructs a Multidimensional Poverty Index.Besides,this paper uses the data collected from China Family Panel Studies(2014 to 2018)and implies the AF(Alkire-Foster)method,to produce measurement and decomposition of multidimensional poverty in China(since the Targeted Poverty Alleviation policywas carried out),and also discusses urban-rural differences and regional differences(east,middle and west respectively)of multidimensional poverty.The research indicates that:In a single dimension,the poverty incidence and changes of each indicator are quite different;the overall multidimensional poverty situation in my country has improved,but the improvement trend has slowed down year by year;The decline in income,have contributed the most to alleviating multidimensional poverty.This research thereby comes up with basic strategies of national poverty governance in the postpoverty era.