基层司法中的“乡土文化”现象及其与现代法治的关系——基于“关系”信任视角

The Phenomenon of"Local Culture"in Grassroots Judicature and Its Relationship with Modern Rule of Law--Based on the Perspective of"Relationship"Trust

从狭义出发,可以将基层司法过程中发挥着重要作用的“关系信任、情理标准、中庸原则”三种文化现象共同凝练为一种“乡土文化”。在长期的共同生活之中,这些承载着儒家“礼治”传统的文化现象以“教化”的方式融入乡土社会民众的血脉之中,协同发挥作用,共同构建了一种“无声的秩序”,从而在“秩序”这一焦点之上,使得乡土文化与现代法治之间架设起了融贯的桥梁。基于“关系”信任视角进一步分析两者之间的关系,将中国基层的日常人际信任模式划分为“一般信任”关系和“特殊信任”关系两种模式。“一般信任”关系和“特殊信任”关系是交织存在的,传统“乡土文化”之于当代的法治建设,同时具备着“建构性”和“破坏性”双重价值。使得中国的法治建设面临着自己的独特难题,从而也要求中国必须探索属于自己的法治建设道路。

Starting from the narrow sense,we can condense the three cultural phenomena such as"relationship trust,reasonable standard and doctrine of the mean",which play an important role in the grassroots judicial process,into a kind of"local culture".In the long-term common life,these cultural phenomena bearing the traditional Confucian"rule of etiquette"are integrated into the blood of local people in the way of"education",and play a synergistic role in jointly constructing a"silent order".Thus,on the focus of"order",local culture and modern rule of law have been built into a bridge of integration.Based on the perspective of"relationship"trust,this paper further analyzes the relationship between the two aspects,and divides the daily interpersonal trust patterns of grassroots in China into two types:"general trust"and"special trust".The analysis shows that in reality,the relationship between"general trust"and"special trust"is interwoven,which indicates that the traditional"local culture"has both"constructive"and"destructive"values in the contemporary legal construction.The above situation makes China's rule of law construction face its own unique difficulties,which requires China to explore its own road of rule of law construction.