安多地区汉族神祇崇拜类型解析

Analysis on Worship Categories of Han Gods in Anduo Tibetan Area

安多地区源于汉族的神祗主要指关帝、二郎神与文昌神。安多藏区的关帝、二郎神与文昌神崇拜较为复杂,但大体上可分为三种类型:一是官方主导的汉族神祗崇拜,它与藏族、藏传佛教的联系不多。二是藏传佛教文化中的汉族神祗崇拜,它来源于汉文化,但最终归属于安多地区藏传佛教文化圈。在藏族信众心中,他们早已经是地地道道的藏族神祗,与汉族基本无缘。归属于藏传佛教文化的关帝、二郎神、文昌神已不再是多元文化的体现,而是经过藏传佛教文化诠释后藏族文化的一部分。这是本文着重强调的一点。三是存在于民间的汉族神祗,它既受汉文化影响,也受藏文化影响,是汉藏文化交融的产物。

The gods in Anduo Tibetan area originated from the Han ethnic group mainly refer to Emperor Guan,God Erlang and God Wenchang.The worship of Emperor Guan,God Erlang and God Wenchang in the Anduo Tibetan area is complicated but can be roughly divided into three categories.The first is the worship of Han gods dominated by local officials,which has little connection with Tibetans or Tibetan Buddhism.The second category is the worship of Han gods in Tibetan Buddhism culture.It originated from Han culture but ultimately belongs to the Tibetan Buddhism cultural in Anduo.For Tibetan,they are already regarded as Tibetan gods,and basically unrelated to the Han.Thus,Emperor Guan,God Erlang and God Wenchang in Tibetan Buddhist culture can no longer embody multiculturalism but has become an integral part of the Tibetan culture after the Tibetan’s interpretation.The article will emphasize this part.The third is the Han gods existing in the folks.They are influenced by both Han culture and Tibetan culture,and are the products of the integration of Han and Tibetan cultures.