新疆伊犁州墩那高速公路尼勒克段沿线古代墓葬的发掘

Brief Report on the Excavation of the Ancient Tombs along the Nilke Section of the Dunmazha-Nalati Expressway in Ili Prefecture,Xinjiang

2017年5月5日至7月28日,由中国人民大学历史学院考古文博系与新疆文物考古研究所、伊犁州文物局、尼勒克县文物局组成联合考古队对墩那(伊宁市墩麻扎至那拉提镇)高速公路尼勒克段沿线的古墓葬进行了抢救性发掘。发掘地点位于尼勒克县西南端阿布热勒山南麓的山前地带,巩乃斯河北岸的克令乡黑山头村至木斯乡乌吐村之间,东西长约60余公里,地理坐标为东经82°51′40″、北纬43°34′44″至东经82°27′27″、北纬43°36′22″,平均海拔约820米(图一)。

112 tombs along the Nilke section of the Dunmazha-Nalati Expressway in Ili Prefecture,Xinjiang were excavated in 2017.They consist of varied types of tombs,including pit tombs,pit tombs with stone cists,shaft tombs,mounded ground-surface stone cists,and ground-surface stone cists without mounds,which date to multiple periods ranging from the Chalcolithic,Late Bronze,to the early Iron Age,respectively.Amongst them,No.ⅢM5,dating to the earliest period,represents remains of the Afanas’evo culture.Shaft tombs,stone vault tombs,and earth-stone mounded tombs with stone circles and surrounding ditches date approximately to the early Iron Age through Han dynasties.These types of early phase tombs are presumably related to the Saka and Yuezhi peoples inhabiting in the Ili River Valley.Tombs with surrounding ditches are likely related to the Wusun people.