资源民族主义研究评述:以拉美石油产业为案例的历史考察

Resource Nationalism Study:Latin American Oil Industry Case Analysis from the Historical Perspective

拉美石油资源民族主义长期以来探讨的核心问题是石油资源对经济主权、政治民主化、经济发展及现代化的影响。国际学术界最早提出了"经济主权—资源民族主义假说",20世纪80-90年代围绕拉美发展困境则提出了"资源诅咒假说",21世纪前10年拉美左翼政府执政时期国有化运动兴起,国际学术界又提出了"资源—权威主义体制假说",同时针对上述传统学术命题,亦派生出"资源丰腴悖论"等分支性观点。跨学科、案例比较研究是拉美石油资源民族主义的常用研究方法,旨在揭示石油繁荣与资源国的政治变革、经济发展之间的内在逻辑关系。

The oil resource nationalism study in Latin America has been an important case in the international energy politics research.There have been three traditional academic questions studied by scholars around the world,such as economic sovereignty of resource nationalism hypothesis,resource curse hypothesis,and authoritarianism regime based on resource wealth hypothesis.Many papers of the rich literature in this field research mainly adopted comparative case study method,so that they explained in depth the oil politics in individual country in this region,while they provided comprehensive,diverse and special perspective to understand the oil politics phenomenon.The majority of the researches tried to find the inherent logical correlations of the oil wealth with the political institution change and economic development characteristics.