安塞樊庄石窟取经图像初探

On Images of Xuan Zangs Pilgrimage to the West Discovered in Fanzhuang Grottoes in Ansai County

陕北安塞樊庄石窟第2窟西壁和南壁下方雕有两组玄奘取经浮雕。第一组为负笈僧人与挑担挑夫,四壁雕有罗汉,应以取经故事表现位列五百罗汉之一的玄奘。第二组位于水月观音下方,计九人一马,表现了迎接玄奘取经归来的场景。本文拟以樊庄石窟浮雕为个案,探讨陕北宋金石窟中唐僧取经浮雕融入水月观音变相初期的图像风格,以及此类图像在北宋、金、西夏时期纳入水月观音变中的文化动因。

Fanzhuang Grottoes is in Ansai County,northern Shaanxi Province.In Cave 2,two bas-reliefs depicting Xuan Zang's pilgrimage to the West have been found respectively on the lower part of the west wall and the south wall.In one relief,there is a monk carrying a box for books on his back and a porter shouldering the luggage.The surrounding arhats on four sides indicate this relief is presenting Xuan Zang,a member of the 500 arhats,on his way to the West.The other relief,which contains nine human figures and a horse,is below Tankasri Avalokitesvara,and depicts the scene of welcoming the eminent monk Xuan Zang to return from his pilgrimage.In this article,by examining bas-reliefs in Fanzhuang Grottoes,the author explores early graphic style of reliefs depicting Xuan Zang's pilgrimage to the West found in illustrations of Tankasri Avalokitesvara accomplished in Song and Jin dynasties in northern Shaanxi Province,and tries to find out cultural causes for Xuan Zang's pilgrimage becoming a part of the illustrations of Tankasri Avalokitesvara in Northern Song,Jin and Western Xia dynasties.