2019年南通市作业工人职业性噪声暴露对听力及血压影响的现况调查

Investigation on influence of occupational noise exposure on hearing and blood pressure of workers in Nantong City in 2019

目的了解2019年南通市职业性噪声暴露对作业工人的听力及血压的影响,为保护作业工人身心健康和预防各类疾病的发生提供参考依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,以2019年南通市参加职业健康检查的在岗期间的4915名有职业性噪声暴露的作业工人为调查对象,分析该职业人群听力情况,并以听力损伤作为累计噪声暴露量(CNE)的替代指标,对不同性别、年龄和工龄的工人的血压情况进行对比分析。结果本次共调查4915名在岗期间的有职业性噪声暴露的作业工人,检出电测听异常1987人(40.4%),职业性听力损失1311人(26.7%),需要进行定期监护的1738人(35.4%),需要调离岗位249人(5.1%)。男性工人的职业性听力损失发生率、需要定期监护的百分比以及需要调离岗位的百分比均高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。按年龄分层,全体作业工人中,>35岁年龄组的职业性听力损失发生率、其他类型的听力损失发生率、需要定期监护的百分比以及需要调离岗位的百分比均大于≤35岁年龄组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。按工龄分层,全体作业工人中,其他类型的听力损失发生率和需要定期监护的百分比比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。职业性听力损失发生率和需要调离岗位的百分比的差异,除女性作业工人,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高血压发病率、收缩压和舒张压均数在全人群按年龄、电测听结果及电测听评价分组中,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。除女性作业工人,高血压发病率、收缩压和舒张压均数在工龄分组中,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2019年南通市作业工人职业性噪声暴露对不同性别、年龄、工龄工人的听力损失和血压有一定影响,应采取相应有效措施,切实保护劳动者健康。

Objective To explore the influence of occupational noise exposure on the hearing and blood pressure of workers in Nantong City in 2019,provide reference for protecting the physical and mental health of workers and preventing the occurrence of various diseases.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted,and 4915 workers with occupational noise exposure who took part in the occupational health examination in Nantong City in 2019 were selected as the investigation object,to analyze their hearing.The blood pressure was compared in workers of different gender,age and working age with the hearing impairment as an alternative indicator of cumulative noise exposure(CNE).Results A total of 4915 workers with occupational noise exposure were investigated.There were 1987(40.4%)with abnormal electroaudiometry and 1311(26.7%)with occupational hearing loss,1738(35.4%)requiring regular monitoring and 249(5.1%)requiring job transfer.The incidence of occupational hearing loss,the percentage of workers requiring regular monitoring and the percentage of workers requiring job transfer in males were higher than those in females,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).According to the age stratification,the incidence of occupational hearing loss,the incidence of other types of hearing loss,the percentage of workers requiring regular monitoring and the percentage of workers requiring job transfer in>35 age group were higher than those in≤35 age group and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).According to the working age stratification,the differences in the incidence of other types of hearing loss and the percentage of workers requiring regular monitoring were statistically significant among different groups(all P<0.05),while the differences in the incidence of occupational hearing loss and the percentage of workers requiring job transfer were statistically significant(all P<0.05)except for female workers.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rate of hypertension,and the means of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among groups in different age,electrical audiometry results and audiometric evaluation(all P<0.05).Except for female workers,the differences in the incidence rate of hypertension,and the means of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among working age groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Occupational noise exposure of workers in Nantong City in 2019 has a certain impact on hearing loss and blood pressure of workers of different gender,age and working age.Therefore,effective measures should be taken to protect the health of workers.