2017—2018年昆山市重点人群碘营养水平调查

Research on iodine nutrition levels of key populations in Kunshan City from 2017-2018

目的了解2017—2018年昆山市8~10岁学龄儿童和孕妇2类重点人群所在家庭居民户盐碘含量以及尿碘水平,从而评价昆山市合格碘盐食用率情况以及人群碘营养水平分布状况。方法2017—2018年,每年均采用多阶段分层抽样选取200名儿童及100名孕妇,检测两类人群所在家庭户食盐碘含量,检测儿童和孕妇尿碘浓度;11个区镇每年均各采集1份末梢水,合计11份,进行水碘含量检测。结果2017—2018年,昆山市每年抽检300份盐样共600份,盐碘含量分别为(21.39±2.25)和(24.00±2.69)mg/kg,碘盐合格率、碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率均>95%;学龄儿童尿碘中位数分别为200和175μg/L,儿童尿碘<50μg/L的比例分别为5.5%和9.5%;孕妇尿碘中位数分别为136和164μg/L;末梢水水碘含量中位数分别为3.9和7.5μg/L,且所有末梢水水碘含量均<10μg/L。结论2017—2018年,昆山市居民户合格碘盐食用率均符合国家要求;学龄儿童和孕妇碘营养整体水平基本处于适宜状态,但是仍有一定比例的重点人群碘营养水平处于不足状态,其中,孕妇这一比例尤其明显,另外,碘过量在两类人群中都有不同程度的表现。今后,有必要持续开展重点人群碘营养监测,落实综合防控措施,使人群碘营养水平保持在适宜水平。

Objective To investigate salt iodine content and urine iodine level in the households with the two key populations of school children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women in Kunshan City from 2017-2018,evaluate the edible rate of qualified iodine salt in the whole city,as well as the distribution of iodine nutrition level in the populations.Methods Totally 200 children and 100 pregnant women were randomly selected every year from 2017-2018 by the multistage stratified sampling.The salt iodine content in the households with the two key populations was tested,and the urine iodine concentration of the children and pregnant women was detected.The tap water samples were collected from 11 townships every year,and totally 11 samples were used for the detection of iodine content in water.Results A total of 300 salt samples were sampled annually in Kunshan City from2017-2018(600 samples in total),the iodine concentration in salt was(21.39±2.25)and(24.00±2.69)mg/kg respectively,and the qualified rate of iodized salt,the coverage rate of iodized salt,and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt all exceeded 95%.The medians of urinary iodine in school-age children were 200 and 175μg/L respectively,and the proportion of urinary iodine<50μg/L in school-age children was 5.5%and 9.5%respectively.The medians of urinary iodine in pregnant women were 136 and 164μg/L respectively.The medians of iodine concentration in the tap water were 3.9 and 7.5μg/L respectively,and the iodine contents in tap water were all lower than 10μg/L.Conclusion From 2017-2018,the edible rate of qualified iodized salt of resident households in Kunshan City meets the national requirements,and the overall iodine nutrition levels of school-age children and pregnant women are basically in the appropriate state,but iodine deficiency is still obvious in a certain proportion of key populations,especially for the pregnant women.In addition,varying degrees of iodine excess could be seen in the two key populations.In the future,it is necessary to continuously carry out iodine nutrition monitoring in the key populations,and take comprehensive prevention and control measures,so as to maintain the iodine nutrition of the population at an appropriate level.