北京市大兴区托幼儿童流感疫苗接种情况调查

Investigation on influenza vaccination status among kindergarten children in Daxing District of Beijing

目的了解北京市大兴区托幼儿童流感疫苗接种情况及影响因素,为提高流感疫苗接种率,制定相关政策及改善该领域工作提供参考依据。方法2019年12月—2020年1月采取整群随机抽样的方法随机抽取北京市大兴区12所幼儿园,共计2004名托幼儿童的家长进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果在参与调查的2004名托幼儿童家长中,1266名(63.2%)托幼儿童家长表示愿意在流感高发季节来临之前让孩子接种流感疫苗,但经调查2019年北京市大兴区2004名托幼儿童中流感疫苗接种人数为504人,接种率是25.1%。单因素分析结果显示,幼儿园类型、年级、家庭月收入、填问卷家长与孩子的关系及家长对流感的认知情况可以认为是流感疫苗接种率的影响因素。幼儿园类型、年级、填问卷家长与孩子的关系、家长是否区分流感和普通感冒的症状、家长是否知晓孩子患流感会发展为肺炎等严重疾病及家长是否会带患流感儿童就诊是影响流感疫苗接种率的关键因素(均P<0.05)。结论北京市大兴区托幼儿童流感疫苗接种率偏低,有很大的提升空间,其受幼儿园类型、年级、填问卷家长与孩子的关系及家长对流感认知情况等因素的影响,建议联合各部门加强流感危害性和流感疫苗有效性及安全性的宣传,提高家长对流感的认知情况,以提高流感疫苗接种率。

Objective To explore influenza vaccination status and its influencing factors among kindergarten children in Daxing District of Beijing,provide a reference for enhancing the influenza vaccination rate,formulating relevant policies and improving the work in this field.Methods A questionnaire survey was performed among 2004 parents of kindergarten children who were collected from 12 kindergartens in Daxing District of Beijing with cluster random sampling method from December 2019 to January 2020.And the data were analyzed.Results Among 2004 investigated parents of kindergarten children,1266(63.2%)expressed their willingness to vaccinate their children with influenza before the high flu season.However,the survey showed that504 children were vaccinated with influenza vaccine among 2004 kindergarten children in Daxing District of Beijing in 2019,with the vaccination rate of 25.1%.The single factor analysis showed that kindergarten type,grade,monthly family income,parental role,parents’cognition of influenza could be considered as the influencing factors of the influenza vaccination rate.Kindergarten type,grade,parental role,whether parents distinguish the symptoms of influenza and common cold,whether parents know that their children with influenza may be develop into pneumonia and other serious diseases,and whether they will take the children with influenza to visit the hospital were the key factors affecting the vaccination rate(all P<0.05).Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate of kindergarten children in Daxing District of Beijing is relatively low,there is a lot of room for improvement,and it is influenced by kindergarten type,grade,parental role,parents’cognition of influenza and other factors.It is suggested that the departments should jointly strengthen the publicity on the hazard of influenza and the effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccine,so as to improve parents’awareness of influenza and enhance the influenza vaccination rate of influenza vaccine.