152例社区居民健康档案与健康素养调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Health Archives and Health Literacy of 152 Community Residents

目的通过调查分析北京市西城区某社区居民的健康档案,掌握该社区居民的健康素养情况,并分析其影响因素,旨在为本社区健康促进干预策略的制定提供理论依据。方法抽取2018年4月17日-2018年6月20日共152例北京市西城区某社区居民健康档案,采用方便抽样法,进行北京市城乡居民健康素养监测问卷调查。结果本次共调查了北京市西城区某社区常住居民152人,研究对象的平均年龄为(51.49±8.17)岁,教育水平集中在高中至大专/本科水平占76.98%,研究对象的年收入在20万元以内的占86.19%。本调查研究发现,西城区某社区居民整体健康素养具备率为9.2%,其中基本知识和理念素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、基本技能素养具备率分别为15.8%、8.6%和44.1%。教育文化程度和经济状况与基本知识和理念素养正相关,差异均具有统计学意义,P<0.05。此外,调查发现教师职业相比于其他行业,具有更高的健康素养总体水平、基本知识和理念素养水平,差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论西城区某社区居民文化水平、经济状况以及职业是其健康素养水平的主要影响因素。通过分析不同群体的健康素养水平的影响因素并对其进行针对性的健康教育与促进,有助于提高本区居民的健康素养和健康水平。

Objective Through the investigation and analysis of the health files of the residents of a community in Xicheng District, Beijing, to grasp the health literacy of the community residents, and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of community health promotion intervention strategies. Methods A total of 152 health files of residents in a community in Xicheng District of Beijing were collected from April 17, 2018 to June 20, 2018, and a convenient sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the health literacy of urban and rural residents in Beijing. Results A total of 152 permanent residents in a community in Xicheng District of Beijing were investigated. The average age of the subjects was(51.49±8.17) years old. 76.98% of the subjects had an education level ranging from high school to college/undergraduate level, and 86.19% of the subjects had an annual income of less than 200 thousand yuan. This survey found that the overall health literacy rate of residents in a community in Xicheng District was 9.2%, of which the basic knowledge and concept literacy, healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy, and basic skills literacy were 15.8%, 8.6% and 44.1%, respectively. The educational level and economic status were positively correlated with basic knowledge and conceptual literacy, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). In addition, the survey found that compared with other industries, the teaching profession has a higher overall level of health literacy, basic knowledge and concept literacy level, the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The cultural level, economic status and occupation of residents in a community in Xicheng District are the main factors affecting their health literacy level. By analyzing the factors affecting the level of health literacy of different groups and carrying out targeted health education and promotion, it is helpful to improve the health literacy and health level of residents in this area.