近30年来新疆玛纳斯湖湿地生态系统服务价值变化及其驱动力分析

Analysis of Changes in Service Value and Driving Forces of Manas Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Xinjiang in the Past 30 Years

为科学评估玛纳斯湖湿地生态系统服务功能,以1989—2016年间7期遥感影像数据为基础,依托RS和GIS技术,运用数理统计方法对近30a间玛纳斯湖湿地生态系统服务价值变化特征及其驱动力进行了分析。结果表明:近30a间玛纳斯湖湿地生态系统服务价值总量呈波动性增加的趋势,其中在1989—1993年,年平均增加14.44%;在1993—1996年,年平均减少3.65%;在1996—2000年,年平均增加3.82%;在2000—2006年,年平均减少3.99%;在2006—2010年,年平均减少5.63%;2010年以后不断增加,增加速度比前21a明显加快。从研究区各生态服务功能价值对湿地生态系统服务价值总量的贡献来看,气候调节、水源涵养、生物多样性保护和废物处理四种生态服务功能的贡献率最大。玛纳斯湖湿地生态系统服务价值的变化受自然因素和人文因素的共同作用,其中人文因素是玛纳斯湖湿地生态系统服务价值变化的主要驱动力,建议应以生态系统服务价值为指导,加强对玛纳斯湖湿地现有资源的保护和生态恢复。

In order to scientifically evaluate the service functions of the Manas Lake wetland ecosystem,the changes of characteristics in the ecosystem service value of the Manas Lake wetland and its driving forces in the past 30 years are analyzed based on 7 remote sensing image datasets from 1989 to 2016.The RS and GIS technology,and mathematical statistics are used.The results showed that:the total ecosystem service value of the Manas Lake wetland has increased in the past 30 years.During 1989-1993,the average annual increase was 14.44%;from 1993 to 1996,the average annual decrease was 3.65%;from 1996 to 2000,the average annual increase was 3.82%;from 2000 to 2006,the average annual decrease was 3.99%;and from 2006 to 2010,the average annual decrease was 5.63%.After 2010,it continued to increase,and the rate of increase was significantly faster than the previous 21 years.From the point of view of the contribution of each ecological service function value to the total wetland ecosystem service value,climate regulation,water conservation,biodiversity protection and waste treatment have the largest contribution rate.The changes in the ecosystem service value of the Manas Lake wet are affected by the combined effects of natural and human factors,of which the human factor was the main driving force.It is recommended that the ecosystem service value should be used as a guide to strengthen the protection and ecological restoration of the existing resources of the Manas Lake wetland.