布依族拖耙绕棺经文与仪式——贵州望谟县弄纳寨个案研究

Scripture and Ritual of Rake-Dragging-Around-Coffin of Bouyei:A Case Study of Nongna Village,Wangmo County,Guizhou

民间信仰中超自然因素与伦理道德因素之间的关系,是中国传统宗教信仰研究的一个热点问题。贵州望谟县弄纳村布依族布摩依据《董永永忘科》经典文本,为死者举行拖耙绕棺仪式,通过诵经等“生死相嘱”仪轨,让丧家和其他丧礼参加者重温孝道伦理。拖耙绕棺仪式中伦理道德因素,超自然因素以及其他因素交融一体,符合杨庆堃、李亦园两位前辈关于“普化宗教”多种因素交融互嵌的论点,但有别于杨先生“表面看没有明显的伦理意涵”和李先生“没有成册经典”“超自然因素与伦理道德因素有相当程度的分离”的有关表述。

The Relation between the supernatural the elements and the ethical and moral elements is a hot topic in the study of traditional religion in Chinese society.The Bouyei Bumo布摩(a ritual specialist)in Nongna Village,Wangmo County,Guizhou,armed with the classic scripture Dongyong董永Always Forget,performs the ritual of rake-dragging-around-coffin,where he reads out passages from the scripture to the effect that the relatives of the deceased and other participants can revisit traditional teachings on ethics and morality.In the ritual the the supernatural elements,the ethical and moral elements and other elements become merged.On one hand,it agrees with the points raised by Yang Qingkun and Li Yiyuan who discussed the“diffused religion”that intermingles multiple elements;on the other hand,it departs from Professor Yang’s view that“there seems no apparent ethical connotation,”and from Professor Li’s statements that“there is no systematized set of scriptures”and“a considerable separation between the suppernatural elements and the ethical and moral elements in the religion.”