“三藩汉人”与东北官庄

Han People of the Three Feudatories and the Northeast Imperial Manors

“三藩汉人”是清内务府包衣(奴仆)之一种。内务府包衣,是满洲皇室奴仆。康熙帝平定三藩,将“罪藩”处死,家产籍没,将其眷属、家人、旧部编入内务府,称“三藩汉人”。内务府机构复杂,“三藩汉人”处境不一,其中编入官庄(皇庄)者人数较多,地位也较卑下。本文利用《清宫内务府奏销档》、盛京内务府《黑图档》等满文档案,以“三藩汉人”为切入点,就其编入东北官庄(皇庄)的过程、官庄内部关系、官庄存在的问题、“无罪拨入”庄丁的抗争、乾隆初年庄丁放出为民等问题加以探讨。进而说明:“三藩汉人”世代相袭,其后人重新恢复人身自由,是在内务府官庄由领主制向租佃制的转型过程中实现的。

Han people of the Three Feudatories(三藩汉人),as one group of the booi包衣(servant in Manchus language)in the Imperial Household Department,were the slaves of the Manchus Royal family.After the Revolt of the Three Feudatories was suppressed by Emperor Kangxi,the offenders were put to execution and the properties were confiscated.Thus,their family dependents,relatives,former subordinates were embodied into the Imperial Household Department,known as Han people of the Three Feudatories.As the complexities of the organization of the Imperial Household Department,the situations of Han people of the Three Feudatories were different.A majority of themwere placed in the Imperial Manor,with rather low status.Based on the Manchu archives such as the Nei wu fu zou xiao dang清宫内务府奏销档in Beijing and Hei tu dang黑图档in Mukden,this paper examines the process of how Han people of the Three Feudatories were embodied into the northeast imperial manors;the relationships between the imperial manors and the problems in the manors;the resistance of the no guilty component of Manor’s labors,and how they were released from Manor’s labors to minren民人in the early Qianlong reign.The paper aims to further explain that the restoration of the personal freedom of the Han people of the Three Feudatories were realized by the changes of the ownership of the imperial Manor from feudal lord system to tenancy system.