农业水价综合改革的实践进展、现实困境与当下因应——基于内蒙古河套灌区的案例分析

Practical progress,realistic dilemma and countermeasures of the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price——A case study of Hetao irrigation area in Inner Mongolia

推进农业水价综合改革是落实新时代"十六字"治水方针、统筹农业用水效率、农户用水负担和农业灌溉设施良性运行的重要举措。在回顾内蒙古河套灌区农业水价政策演进的基础上,结合实地调研总结其农业水价综合改革的进展和成效,剖析其推进农业水价综合改革面临的困境。研究结果表明:内蒙古河套灌区农业水价综合改革仍然存在农业水价形成机制不够完善、水量计量和水费计价方式粗放、水费征收较为困难、水权确权和水权交易程度不高、农业终端用水管理尚不完善、农业水价综合改革奖补资金落实较难等问题。应采取继续完善农业水价形成机制、加强灌区农业用水计量设施建设、改进初始水权分配和用水限额制度建设、健全农业水价精准补贴和节水奖励机制并落实奖补资金等措施,推进农业水价综合改革。

Promoting the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price is an important measure to implement the water control policy,that is,priority to water saving,space balance,system governance,giving full play to both government and market,to coordinate the efficiency of agricultural water use,the water burden of farmers and the sound operation of agricultural irrigation facilities.Based on the review of the evolution of agricultural water price policy in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia,the paper summarized the progress and effect of the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price based on field investigation,and analyzed the difficulties it faced in promoting the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price.The results show that the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia still has some problems such as imperfect agricultural water price formation mechanisms,extensive water volume measurement and water fee pricing methods,dificulty in collecting water fees,low water rights confirmation and water rights transactions,imperfect agricultural terminal water management,and difficult implementation of the subsidy funds for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices.We should continue to improve the formation mechanism of agricultural water price,strengthen the construction of agricultural water metering facilities in irrigation areas,improve the initial water right allocation and the construction of the water quota system,improve the agricultural water price precision subsidy and water-saving incentive mechanism,and implement the incentives and subsidies,so as to promote the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price.