前哨淋巴结在妇科恶性肿瘤中的应用进展

Application progress of sentinel lymph node in gynecologic oncology

随着微创理念及精准医学理念的不断深入,传统的临床治疗方法正随着医学研究的发展而不断更新。系统性的区域淋巴结清扫是妇科恶性肿瘤手术治疗的重要手段,但往往会出现下肢淋巴水肿、下肢静脉血栓、免疫功能下降等一系列并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。是否所有妇科恶性肿瘤患者均需进行系统性的淋巴结清扫术以及淋巴结切除范围一直以来都是妇科肿瘤学中最具争议的问题之一。近年来前哨淋巴结(SLN)技术在临床上的广泛应用,对解决这一问题具有重要的指导意义。本文将从SLN技术在宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌和外阴癌中的应用现状、检测方法、检测效果及目前仍存在的争议等方面进行综述,探讨SLN技术在妇科恶性肿瘤临床治疗中的应用价值。

With the concepts of minimal invasive surgery and precision medicine embedding deeply in modeni medicine,traditional clinical treatment strategies are constantly updated due to the rapid progression of medical research.Systematic dissection of the regional lymph nodes is a key component in the surgical therapy of gynecologic malignancies,however it may result in a series of complications,such as lower extremity lymphedema,deep venous thrombosis,immune disorders and so on,which seriously impact the patientsx quality of life.The necessity of systematic lymphadenectomy and the extent of lymph nodes resection have always been one of the most controversial issues in gynecologic oncology.In recent years,the extensive application of sentinel lymph node(SLN)technology has been increasingly used in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies,which may provide important guidance on this issue.This article reviews the clinical application status,detection methods,detection efficiency,and current controversies regarding SLN mapping and biopsy in cervical cancer,endometrial cancer ovarian cancer and vulvar cancer,discussing the application value of SLN technology in gynecologic oncology.