《环境污染强制责任保险管理办法(草案)》除外责任之探讨

On the Reflection and Inquiry on the Exclusive Liability of the Administrative Measures for Compulsory Liability Insurance of Environmental Pollution(Draft)

除外责任具体内容的设计应考虑公益和私益的平衡,确保其在及时、有效分散与移转风险,削减社会管理成本的同时兼顾承保人、投保人、受害人三方的私益。《环境污染强制责任保险管理办法(草案)》中将“不可抗拒的自然灾害”“环境污染犯罪”的除外责任限定于“致使第三者遭受的损害”不妥,保险公司不应为生态环境损害承担保险责任;将“环境污染犯罪”“故意采取通过暗管、渗井、渗坑、灌注等逃避监管的方式违法排放污染物”“环境安全隐患未整改”的除外责任限定于“直接导致的损害”具有合理性。对“不可抗拒的自然灾害”“环境污染犯罪”致使“第三者遭受的损害”应作限缩解释,使除外责任仅限于“致使第三者直接遭受的损害或生态环境损害”,除纯粹经济损失外,其他参与救援中遭受的间接损失均可通过“应急处置与清污费用”归入保险公司保险责任。

The design of the specific content of the exclusive liability should consider the balance between public interest and private interest,so as to ensure that it can effectively disperse and transfer risks,reduce social management costs,and at the same time take into account the private interests of the insurer,the applicant and the victim.This paper holds that it is improper to limit the liability of natural disasters and environmental pollution crimes to "the damage to the third party" in the draft of the administrative measures for compulsory liability insurance of environmental pollution:insurance companies should not bear the insurance liability for "ecological environmental damage";the liability of environmental pollution crimes,intentional acts and environmental safety risks should be excluded The definition of "direct damage" is still reasonable;the interpretation of "damage suffered by the third party" caused by irresistible natural disasters and environmental pollution crimes should be limited so that the exclusive liability is limited to "direct damage";except for pure economic losses,other indirect losses suffered in rescue can be included in the insurance liability of insurance companies through "emergency disposal and decontamination expenses".