森林生态-经济系统协同治理分析:机理与案例验证——基于福建省5个案例村的调研数据

Study on the Performance of Collaborative Governance of Forest Eco-economic Systems:Mechanism and Case Study——Based on the Survey Data of Five Villages in Fujian Province

如何提高森林生态-经济系统协同治理绩效是森林可持续经营的重大问题。运用Ostrom社会-生态系统分析框架和自主治理理论,基于福建省5个案例村的调研数据,对森林生态-经济系统中资源系统、资源单位、治理系统和行动者协同治理机理的关键变量进行互动分析和实践检验。研究发现:森林生态系统的区位优势对投资林业经济活动起着积极正向作用,通过出租、入股和林票制等多种形式盘活森林资产,提高森林规模经营,吸引社会力量投资林业活动;在治理系统中林业产权体系不稳定的背景下,林农、林业合作组织等经营主体追求短期经济利益最大化负向影响森林生态系统的生态绩效;乡村一级林业行动者具有组织管理才能和值得信任的领导力,规范村民代表大会制度,提高林农在村庄重大决策中的发言权和决策参与权,同时这类群体能更好促进信息的可获得性、冲突的解决、吸引投资行为,从而更好地实现森林资源自主经营与治理;治理系统中缺乏林地经营权的法律效力等社会规范,没有明确林业合作经营主体与林农之间的责、权、利关系,难以形成良好相互监督格局,从而弱化了自主治理能力。在信息不对称下,政府应加强制度和政策有效供给与监督,激活森林经营主体和市场,促进森林可持续经营。

The major issue of sustainable forest management is how to improve the performance of forest ecosystem management.The couple Forest Eco-economic Systems is the complex interactions between forest ecology and forestry economy.Case studies of five villages in Fujian Province,the key variables of collaborative mechanism of three dimensions of forest resources,governance and subject in forest eco economic system are analyzed and tested through interaction and practice.It is found some research results.Firstly,the location advantages of the forest ecosystem play a positive role in investment in forestry economic activities.Forest assets are activated through various forms such as leasing,shareholding and forest ticket system,so as to enlarge the scale of forest management and attract social forces to invest in forestry activities.Secondly,under the premise of unstable forestry property rightsin the governance system,forest farmers,forestry cooperative organizations and other business entities seek to maximize short-term economic benefits,so as to negatively affect the ecological performance of the forest ecosystem.Thirdly,actors have organizational management skills and trustworthy leadership,and regulate villagers the congress system enhances forest farmersright to speak and participate in major decision-making in villages.At the same time,such groups can better promote the availability of information,resolve conflicts,and attract investment,so as to better realize the independent management and governance of forest resources.At last,the governance system lacks social norms such as the legal effect of forest land management rights,clarifies the responsibilities,rights,and benefits between forestry management entities and forest farmers,and it is difficult to form a good mutual supervision pattern,thereby weakening the ability of independent governance.With the information asymmetry,the government should strengthen the effective supply and supervision of systems and policies,activate forest management entities and markets,and promote sustainable forest management.