1942—1945年美国战争信息办公室与中国的对日心理战合作

Cooperation in Psychological Warfare against Japan between the United States Office of War Information and China,1942-1945

战争信息办公室是太平洋战争时期美国开展对敌心理战的重要机构。其在中国的国统区建立了系统的机构组织,筹建心理战小组开展反战工作,得到鹿地亘的支持与帮助。同时,战争信息办公室也注意到中共根据地的对日心理战情况,对其教育日俘的经验进行了系统考察,逐渐意识到日俘可以成为对日心理战的“武器”。但是,战争信息办公室主导的中美合作,深受美国外交政策与意识形态的影响,美国国家形象与价值观念的宣传在两国的合作进程中时隐时现,影响了美国对日心理战的决策与实践。

The United States Office of War Information(OWI)was an important agency for the United States to conduct psychological warfare against the enemy during the Pacific War.It established a systematic organization in China's KMT⁃controlled areas,set up a psychological warfare group to carry out anti⁃War works,and received support and help of Japanese writer Kaji Wataru(1903-1982).OWI also noted the psychological warfare against Japan in the base areas of the Communist Party of China,and made a systematic investigation to its experience in educating Japanese prisoners,and gradually realized that Japanese prisoners could become“weapons”for psychological warfare.However,the Sino⁃US cooperation dominated by OWI was deeply influenced by the US foreign policies and ideology,and the propaganda for American national image and values loomed in the process of cooperation between the two countries,affecting the US's decision⁃making and practice of psychological warfare against Japan.