论美国对越南心理战的演变(1954—1972年)

On the Evolution of American Psychological War in Vietnam(1954-1972)

为遏制共产主义在东南亚的扩展、防止越南“陷落”,在1954—1972年这近20年里,美国在越南实施广泛而持久的心理战。这期间的心理战并非一成不变,而是因整体形势需求不断调整,呈现出因时制宜之特色。从最初为稳定吴庭艳的南越政府而实施的“爱民”计划,到意在消灭南越境内越南共产党武装的“反叛乱”计划,再到以瓦解敌方斗志、改善农村生活的“绥靖”计划,最后至“谋求和平”之宣扬,其间呈现出较为清晰的阶段性。不过,不管它如何变化,都是为了服务于美国的国家利益,都改变不了它的侵略者本质,改变不了它失败的结局。

In order to contain the expansion of communism in Southeast Asia and prevent the“fall”of Vietnam,the United States carried out extensive and long-lasting psychological warfare in Vietnam from 1954 to 1972.The psychological warfare during this period was not unchangeable,but constantly adjusted to the needs of the overall situation,showing the characteristics of adjusting measures to the times.The psychological war shows a clear stage:firstly,it started the“love the people”plan implemented to stabilize the Ngo Dinh Diem government,then the“counter insurgency”plan aimed at eliminating the Vietnamese Communists in South Vietnam.Moreover,it dismantled the enemy’s fighting spirit and improved rural life with pacification,and finally it preached for peace.However,no matter how it changes,it is to serve the national interests of the United States,and it cannot change its aggressor nature and the outcome of its failure.