上海市0~6岁儿童血砷暴露水平及饮食影响研究

Blood arsenic exposure levels of preschool children and dietary factors analysis

目的了解上海市0~6岁儿童血砷水平及饮食相关因素。方法通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样对上海市6个区抽取的居(村)委会0~6岁儿童进行问卷调查和全血标本采集。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对全血砷元素进行检测,并通过多重线性回归模型对饮食因素进行相关性分析。饮食研究因素中,海鱼海虾、淡水鱼淡水虾及贝类分组:≤3次/月、1~3次/周与4~6次/周;主食米、面及牛奶分组:<50、50~100与≥100 g/d。结果此次调查儿童总人数为2263人,血砷浓度范围为0.12~27.94μg/L,中位数(P25,P75)为2.26(1.63,3.09)μg/L。通过统计分析发现,米、面、海鱼海虾的摄入量越高,儿童血砷水平越高(P<0.05),淡水鱼淡水虾高摄入组血砷水平反而降低(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论此次调查92.4%(2091/2263)的儿童血砷浓度处于正常范围(<5μg/L),与对照组比较,米、面、海鱼海虾的摄入量越高,儿童血砷水平越高,而淡水鱼淡水虾的摄入量越高,其血砷水平反而降低。

Objective To explore the blood arsenic exposure levels of preschool children and analyze the factors of blood arsenic. Methods By the multi-stage cluster and simple randomized method, six districts of Shanghai City was chosen and the preschool children in the selected village were asked to fill in the questionnaire and have blood sampling. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to detect blood arsenic, of which the data was analyzed by multiple linear regression models. Marine fish, freshwater fish, freshwater shrimp and shellfish were grouped as follows: ≤3 times per month, 1-3 times per week, and 4-6 times per week. Rice, noodles and milk were grouped as <50, 50-100, and ≥100 g/d. Results 2 263 preschool children were recruited. The range of blood arsenic was 0.12-27.94 μg/L. The median(P25,P75) were 2.26(1.63,3.09) μg/L. Statistical analysis showed that the more intake of rice, wheaten food, and sea fish and shrimp, the more arsenic in children’s blood(P<0.05). Whereas highter intake of freshwater fish and shrimp group showed decreased blood arsenic(P<0.05). Conclusion Most preschool children’s blood arsenic levels(92.4%, 2 091/2 263) were at normal level(<5 μg/L). There was a positive correlation between blood arsenic concentration and the intake of rice, wheaten food, and sea fish and shrimp, while negative correlation with high freshwater fish and shrimp consumption.