2014-2018年广州市中小学生伤害流行特征分析

The epidemic characteristics of injuries among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou in 2014-2018

目的了解2014-2018年广州市中小学生伤害监测病例分布特征,为制定针对性的干预和防制措施提供科学依据。方法收集2014-2018年广州市各监测哨点医院首诊的中小学生伤害病例报告卡信息,分析其分布特征。结果 2014-2018年广州市监测点共报告19 548例中小学生伤害个案,男女性别比为2.20∶1,其中小学生11 097例(占56.77%),初中生3 667例(占18.76%),高中/中专生4 784例(占24.47%)。伤害以9-10月发生最多(21.09%)。伤害发生原因前5位分别为跌倒/坠落伤(38.75%)、动物伤(17.47%)、钝器伤(15.36%)、刀/锐器伤(9.45%)和烧烫伤(8.31%)。伤害发生地点以家中(38.07%)、学校和公共场所(30.84%)、公路/街道(15.00%)以及体育和运动场所(7.67%)为主。伤害发生时活动以休闲活动(41.51%)、体育活动(19.28%)和生命活动(18.02%)为主。伤害意图以非故意(95.78%)为主。结论广州市中小学生伤害预防要关注小学生和男生群体,建立以家庭和学校为基础的伤害预防和健康教育机制。

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of injury surveillance cases among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2018,and provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted interventions and prevention measures.Methods The data of injury cases seeking medical care for the first time were collected in injury surveillance hospitals in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2018 for the analysis on the distribution characteristics of injury surveillance cases among primary and middle school students.Results In 2014-2018,a total of 19 548 cases of primary and middle school students were reported in Guangzhou;among which,11 097(56.77%) cases were primaiy school students,3 667(18.76%) were junior high school students,and 4 784 cases(24.47%) were high school students.The male-female ratio was 2.20:1.The injury occurred most in September-October(21.09%).The top 5 causes of injury were falls(38.75%),animal injury(17.47%),blunt injury(15.36%),knife/sharp injury(9.45%) and burn(8.31%).The injury occurred mainly at home(38.07%),schools and public places(30.84%),roads/streets(15.00%),and sports and sports venues(7.67%).Leisure activities(41.51%),physical activities(19.28%) and life activities(18.02%) were the major activities when injuries took place.The intention of injury was mainly unintentional(95.78%).Conclusions The prevention of injuries in primary and middle school students in Guangzhou should focus on primary school students and male students.Family-based and school-based injury prevention and health education should be established.