南京国民政府时期江北运河“官督绅办”体制的形成

The Formation of Official Supervision and Gentry Management in Jiangbei Canal during the Period of Nanjing National Government

南京国民政府时期,江北运河治理经历了从"官僚化"到"官督绅办"的转变。新生的国民党政权迅速从地方士绅手中夺取治运权力。但"官僚化"导致有效监督机制和管理机构独立职权的缺失,其结果就是权力滥用和治运机构运转失灵。1931年的水灾诱发了新一轮的权力重组。面对艰巨的善后任务、社会舆论压力和传统士绅的进逼,江苏省政府被迫重新起用士绅并提高治运机构职权,形成"官督绅办"新体制。传统士绅主持复堤工程的成功进一步巩固了该体制,使其得到长期延续。这一过程折射了国民党地方政权建设的失败和近代水利转型的复杂性。

During the period of Nanjing National Government,the management of the Jiangbei Canal underwent a transformation from bureaucratization to official supervision and gentry management. The new Kuomintang regime quickly seized the power of governing Jiangbei Canal from local gentry. But bureaucratization led to the lack of effective supervision mechanism and independent powers of management institutions,which resulted in abuse of power and malfunction of operation management institutions. Flood in 1931 have triggered a new round of power restructuring. Faced with the arduous task of rehabilitation,the pressure of public opinion and the pressure of the traditional gentry,the Jiangsu Provincial Government was forced to re-employ the gentry and improve the powers of the governing organs,which formed a new system of official supervision and gentry management. The success of the traditional gentry in presiding over the re-embankment project further consolidated the system and made it continue for a long time. This process reflects the failure of Kuomintang ’s local regime construction and the complexity of modern water conservancy transformation.