清代粮船水手的组织与“巢穴”

Organization and Dens of Grain Tribute Fleet Boatmen in the Qing Dynasty

鸦片战争前的中国社会,生活在社会最底层,离乡别井,并且长年累月地在漕船上工作的水手,代表一种依靠提供体力劳动而获取工资者所组成的社会群体。这篇文章期望从历史档案中,重塑这些粮船水手的职场生活,尤其是了解他们如何在一个充满歧视的社会中生存。本文标题中的"巢穴",是清朝官员对贼匪核心组织的惯常蔑称,同时使用在粮船水手的情况上。

In the Chinese society before the Opium War,the sailors who lived at the bottom of the society,separated from their home villages,and worked on the tribute grain boats for many years,represented a social group composed of those who earned their incomes by providing manual labor. This article investigates the nature of the job as boatmen,and how they survived in a discriminative society in the Qing Dynasty. The "den"in the title was the word usually used by Qing officials to call hideouts of robbers,but as well as the boatmen.