新世纪以来美印防务贸易和技术合作评析

A Review of US-India Defense Trade and Technical Cooperation in the New Century

进入新世纪以来,伴随美国与印度防务伙伴关系的发展,两国防务贸易和技术合作发展迅猛,成为美印安全防务合作的最重要领域之一。美印两国持续推进合作的背后是彼此在战略、军事和经济等层面的考量:美方图谋联印制华,促进防务系统“互用”,抢占印度防务市场,攫取丰厚利润;印方则试图借力美国应对安全挑战,提升印军武器装备水平,建设自身国防工业能力,助力印度的大国梦想;双方在一定程度上实现了战略对接和利益交汇。虽然双方合作成果丰硕,美国成为印度先进防务装备和技术的最重要来源之一,但也存在不少制约因素,包括印度的战略自主诉求、美印军售/采购程序差异、技术转让执行困难等。展望未来,美印防务贸易和技术合作有望在分歧中保持持续发展。

In the new century,with the development of US-India defense partnership,defense trade and technical cooperation between the two countries has seen rapid development,which has become one of the important areas of US-India security and defense cooperation.The continuous advance of such a cooperation is driven by their respective considerations on strategic,military and economic levels:the US is trying to work with India to contain China,facilitate“interoperability”of defense systems,and capture India’s defense market to rake in a fat profit,while India is trying to leverage the US to address its security challenges,update the weaponry of its military forces,and build its own defense industry capacity to help realize its major power dream.As a result,the two sides have achieved strategic alignment and converging interests to a certain extent.Although such cooperation is fruitful,and the US has become a major source for India to attain advanced defense equipment and technology,there remain quite a few restraints that include India’s quest for strategic autonomy,differences in arms sale/procurement procedures of the two countries,and difficulties in implementing technical transfer,to mention just a few.Looking ahead,US-India defense trade and technical cooperation is expected to grow continuously amid disagreements.