论污染环境罪的罪状适用——以“严重污染环境”为中心

On the Application of the Crime of Environmental Pollution--Take“Severe Environmental Pollution”as the Focus

司法实践中对污染环境罪的适用存在争议,其关键原因在于无法准确理解“严重污染环境”的内涵。长期以来,司法实践中将“严重污染环境”理解为污染环境罪的成立标准,这种做法不仅混淆了犯罪成立与犯罪既遂的界限,而且使得对污染环境行为的处罚无法做到罪刑均衡。“严重污染环境”应当是污染环境罪的既遂条件。在此基础上,对于环境犯罪基本犯既遂而加重结果未遂的情形,应当认可“造成严重后果”的加重构成地位,成立污染环境罪加重构成犯罪的未遂状态。对于基本犯未遂而加重结果既遂的情形,应当根据想象竞合的原则,按照加重犯罪构成的犯罪既遂处理。

The application of the crime of environmental pollution in judicial practice is controversial.The key reason is that the connotation of"severe environmental pollution"cannot be correctly understood.For a long time,the practice of interpreting"severe environmental pollution"as the standard for the crime of polluting the environment confuses the boundary between the establishment of crimes and completed crimes,and makes the punishment of environmental pollution crimes impossible to achieve a balanced crime.Therefore,"severe environmental pollution"should be an established condition for the crime of environmental pollution.On this basis,for the situation where the basic crime of the environmental crime is completed and the result is attempted,the aggravated constitutional status of“causing serious consequences”shall be recognized,and the state of the attempt to aggravate the crime of the pollution of the environment shall be established.Circumstances should be handled in accordance with the principle of imaginary competition and contingency of crimes aggravated by crime.