电弧增材制造成形规律、组织演变及残余应力的研究现状

Research Process of Formation Law,Microstructure Evolution and Residual Stress in Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

电弧增材制造技术以其在大型构件成形方面的独特优势得到越来越多的关注,成为应用最广泛的金属增材制造技术之一。介绍了电弧增材制造技术的发展史,从"控形控性"的角度出发,分析了工艺参数对沉积层形貌的影响规律,讨论了成形件的显微组织演变机制,介绍了残余应力数值模拟方法及其优缺点,指出计算流体动力学和有限元方法相结合是未来研究趋势之一,总结了控制应力和变形常用的方法以及电弧增材制造面临的问题和挑战。

The wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has gained more and more attention because of its unique advantages in forming large-scale components,and has become one of the most widely used metal additive manufacturing technology.The development history of WAAM is described.The influence of process parameters on the morphology of deposited layer and the evolution mechanism of microstructure is analyzed from the perspective of"shape and property control".The numerical simulation methods for residual stress and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed,and it is pointed out that the combination of computational fluid dynamics and finite element method is one future research trend.The common methods for controling the residual stress and deformation,as well as the problems and challenges in wire and arc additive manufacturing,are summarized.